【製品名(商品名)】
食用菊
【種類】
Cheysanthemum morifolium Ramatuelle
【卸地】
沖縄県沖縄市(JAおきなわ コザ支店食用菊専門部会)
【名前の由来】
Chrysanthemum morifolium is in the same group as ornamental chrysanthemums, and has been improved to have larger petals and less bitterness. It is a traditional Japanese edible flower. There is also a theory that kuku is derived from the name when it was introduced, and another theory that it is the last flower to bloom in a year, "reach an extreme''.
【主な特徴】
In October 2021, JA Okinawa and Orion Brewery signed a comprehensive partnership agreement to develop new products using brown sugar and pineapples, which are produced in large quantities in the prefecture, and to effectively utilize fruits that cannot be shipped due to spoilage. The aim is to promote local consumption and reduce food loss. In September 2022, Komeri, the home center with the largest number of stores in Japan, is considering cooperation with the Okinawa Prefecture Agricultural Cooperative (JA Okinawa, Naha City) for agricultural promotion. We aim to create synergies by working to solve issues such as the aging population and sharply rising prices of production materials, and improving convenience for farmers. Komeri Prefecture is the only blank prefecture out of the 47 prefectures where Komeri does not have any stores. We aimed to build a new sustainable agricultural support model. Okinawa City is the only production area of edible chrysanthemums in the prefecture. Yellow chrysanthemums are blooming all over the Greenhouse, and the harvest is at its peak. Shipped outside the prefecture from January to April in the winter when the Tohoku region, the main production area in Japan, cannot be shipped. Taking advantage of Okinawa's mild climate, it has been supporting the mainland's seasonal demand for about 30 years. Edible petals are often used to add color to foods. Edible chrysanthemums are famous in Japan. On the other hand, some edible petals have been reported to have physiological effects such as anticancer and antiallergic effects. A perennial herb widely distributed in central and southern Japan and China. There are records of chrysanthemums being cultivated for medicinal purposes in China for more than 2,000 years, and even today there are customs of drinking chrysanthemums as tea, alcoholic beverages made from chrysanthemums, and dishes using chrysanthemums. In addition, it seems that there is also a custom of stuffing chrysanthemums into the pillow as one of the medicine pillows (good sleep) from ancient times. The hexaploid chrysanthemum is said to have been established in the Tang dynasty, and was introduced to Japan during the Nara period. Used for ornamental purposes and for medicinal purposes. It is not clear when the current usage of eating chrysanthemum began, but it was in the Edo period that descriptions of edible chrysanthemums appeared in literature. Honcho shokkan (Mirror of food in our country) (12 volumes, 10 volumes, published in 1697). In the poultry section, the scale section, and the livestock section, the names of the products are given, and detailed descriptions are given of their properties and how to eat them.) describes how to eat chrysanthemum petals by boiling them, dipping them in soy sauce, or putting them in sweetened soy sauce. In addition, "Compendium of Materia Medica Enlightenment" (published in literary style based on the lecture notes of Ranzan Ono(1729-1810: Edo period herbalists. He observed a wide range of Japanese animals, plants, and minerals without being limited to medicinal and other practical interests. He studied names (Japanese and Chinese, dialects), characteristics, etc., and completed his own herbalism, which is connected to modern natural history and botany.), a herbal scholar. The first edition was published in 1803, and many have been published since then. J Since the introduction of "Compendium of Materia Medica" by Lee Si-jin, the study of herbalism in Japan has developed rapidly, but its direction has gradually developed into natural history. However, many ancient Japanese and Chinese books are cited), and it is said that edible chrysanthemums are called "Chrysanthemum lavandulifolium (Fisch. ex Trautv.) Makino)'' or cooking chrysanthemums and have been introduced to Japan. There is a description that "chamomile" is "all yellow". The topography of Okinawa City is the highest at 100 to 150 m above sea level north of Kurashiki Dam in the north, and the flat land of about 100 m above sea level spreads in the midwest, forming a gentle micro-topography. In the eastern part, lowlands with an altitude of 0 to 10 m spread out, and Awase (located on the southeast side of the intersection. Villagers seem to call it 'Bijuru'. The shrine enshrines a stone that was floating in the sea. Visit to Bijuru (Bijurumunume) is held on May 5th and September of the lunar calendar, and prayers are given for child safety, child rearing, and travel safety. Today, a torii gate and a shrine are built in the area, and worshipers from all over the area continue to come. The city includes the Hirayama River, Yonabaru River, and Kahunja River, which are tributaries of the Hija River, and the Kawasaki River, which is a tributary of the Tengan River. Announced that organic fluorine compounds (PFAS), which are considered harmful to the human body, were detected at a high concentration that far exceeded the national provisional guideline value (50 nanograms in total of PFOS and PFOA per liter). The maximum value was 8400 nanograms, 168 times the provisional guideline value. The source of the contamination has not been identified. Since a high concentration of PFAS was detected at an industrial waste disposal site in Okinawa City, the prefectural environment maintenance division conducted a survey of the rivers around the disposal site in FY2020. Values exceeding the provisional guideline values were detected at four locations along the Kawasaki River. Since all locations were far from the disposal site, it was suggested that the pollution source was separate from the disposal site. Eight points in the wetlands upstream from the point where the highest value was detected were investigated. The Environmental Maintenance Division will continue to investigate the wetlands and encourage businesses around the wetlands to possess and use PFAS. To identify the source of pollution, we will investigate whether there is a wetland upstream), the Kanikaran River flows, and most of the rivers have their water sources in the hilly areas around the Kurashiki Dam. The Hija River, which flows through the gentle hills of Okinawa City, which is located in the central part of the main island of Okinawa, joins the Yonabaru River and the Nagata River, and continues to the East China Sea. A secondary river with an area. The Hija River Comprehensive Development Project (Kurashiki Dam) is a project to redevelop the Zukesan Dam, which was built in 1961 in the upper reaches of the Yonabaru River in the Hija River system, as a multi-purpose dam for both water utilization and flood control. And the Okinawa Prefectural Enterprise Bureau started construction in 1982 and completed it in March 1996 with a total project cost of 49 billion yen. Then, in April of the following month, the Okinawa Prefectural Civil Engineering Department managed it. Construction period: 1986-1995. In terms of land use, in the northern part of the city west of the Okinawa Expressway, most of the land use is natural land use such as fields, forests, and other natural areas, but commercial and industrial sites are also scattered. East of the Okinawa Expressway, urban land use can be seen in villages and urban areas such as Ikehara, Noborikawa, Chibana, Matsumoto, and Myodo, and surrounding areas such as forests and fields. Surrounded by natural land use. In the central part of the city, most of the existing urban areas such as Goeku, Teruya and Murokawa and the new urban areas such as Misato, Higashi, Miyazato and Ageda where the land readjustment project was introduced are occupied by urban land use is part. There is also land use such as fields. In addition, commercial land can be seen along the main roads such as National Route 330 and the Okinawa Ishikawa Line. In the eastern part of the city, there is a large-scale industrial site in the Nakagusukuwanko Shinko area, with large fields in Koja, Momobara, and Osato, and forests and other natural areas on the slopes from Koja to Yogi character village. The surrounding area is dotted with forests and fields, but Awase, where the land readjustment project was carried out, seems to be developing into residential land. On the other hand, the development of residential land is also seen in areas without designated land use districts. In addition, there is an accumulation of commercial land on the Okinawa loop line, and some large-scale land can be seen. The western part of the city is surrounded by Children's Playground Park(There are three facilities centering on the zoo, and it is one of the leading educational dissemination facilities in the prefecture. It used to be the only amusement park in the prefecture, but it closed on August 31, 1999 due to poor management.), Koza Athletic Park, and Yaeshima, with natural areas such as forests and fields. Some land use can be seen, and most of the others seem to be urban land use. Along Route 330 Commercial land is concentrated in Looking at the city as a whole, the ratio of residential land, commercial land, industrial land, and other public facility land has increased slightly, while the ratio of fields and forests has decreased. For 27 years after World War II, Okinawa was under the administration of the U.S. military, and there was no active policy intervention in agriculture. After the reversion in 1972, the Japanese government began to actively intervene in policy. After the reversion, Okinawa's agricultural policy set as its policy goals the short-term increase of agricultural income and the medium-to long-term "strengthening of constitution" through structural improvement of Okinawa's agriculture. Until the first half of the 1980s, agricultural policy in Okinawa was based on a policy system that emphasized price policy can be seen as. However, since the latter half of the 1980s, under the policy system that emphasizes structural policies, it seems difficult to say that individual measures are functioning effectively and producing the expected results. For nearly five years from 1945 to 1949, immediately after the war, while the mainland was undergoing post-war reconstruction policies, Okinawa was largely neglected and was called a “forgotten and beloved island.” It seems that this was because it took time to coordinate between the US military and the government, and a clear governance policy was not planned. After that, in May 1949, the U.S. government decided on a policy of separating and governing Okinawa, and in February 1950, GHQ announced a statement that it would build a permanent base in Okinawa, and decided to separate and govern Okinawa. From this time onwards, the U.S. military began to convert Okinawa into a base. In 1952, Japan became an independent country under the San Francisco Peace Treaty. However, as a compensation, Okinawa was cut off from mainland Japan and placed under the administration of the United States. The Constitution of Japan did not apply to Okinawa, and it was not possible to send Diet members to Okinawa. September 20, 1945, the first post-war city council elections were held: This was the day the first post-war city council elections were held, and the first time women exercised the right to vote in Okinawa. On September 12, 1945, the U.S. military government and the Okinawa Advisory Council established the "Outline of Emergency Measures for Local Government'' with the aim of systematically carrying out local administration. Among them, 12 “cities” (Henshina, Taito, Sedake, Hisashi, Kochiya, Ginoza, Kanna, etc.) were established by the U.S. military to hold civilians during the Battle of Okinawa. Ishikawa, Goza, Maehara, Henza, and Chinen), and decided to hold city assembly elections on the 20th and mayoral elections on the 25th. The ordinance gave suffrage to men and women over the age of 25. With regard to women's suffrage, the U.S. military government, Lt. Col. George P. Murdoch, has a strong desire to approve it, seven months earlier than in mainland Japan, with 12 votes in favor and 1 vote against at the Okinawa Advisory Council meeting. On the other hand, in the economy, a strong dollar policy that favors the United States for payments to the mainland in advancing base construction was taken. Due to the unrealistic strong dollar, the manufacturing industry did not grow in Okinawa, and the environment was an import-oriented economy that relied on bases. In addition, Okinawa, which was under the administration of the US military, could not receive sufficient support from the Japanese government for 27 years. As a result, when Okinawa was reverted to the mainland in 1972, it was in a situation where it lacked all kinds of social capital, such as roads, ports, schools, hospitals, and housing. Therefore, after returning to Okinawa, based on such special circumstances of Okinawa, we will correct the disparity and Okinawa has been promoted through the implementation of three Okinawa Revitalization and Development Plans and the Okinawa Revitalization Plan, with the aim of establishing the basic conditions for its economic development. Bitter Melon: Taking advantage of the mild climate, this is a staple vegetable that is supplied nationwide in winter and spring. Produced in various parts of the prefecture, it accounts for 40% of the national harvest (1 in Japan). Harvest time: May to July. Chrysanthemum: The main flower that is supplied nationwide in winter and spring. It is produced mainly on the main island, and accounts for 20% of the nationwide shipment volume (2nd in the country). Harvest time: November to May. Shikwasa(Citrus depressa): A fruit tree that is a specialty of this prefecture, mainly in the northern part of the main island. Harvest time: August to February. Pineapple: A specialty of this prefecture, mainly in the northern part of the main island and the Yaeyama region. Harvest time: June to August. Mango: The main fruit that has been increasing in recent years. Produced in various parts of the prefecture, it accounts for half of the national harvest (1 in Japan). Harvest period: July-August. Sugar cane: Cultivated by about 60% of the farms in the prefecture. It is the main crop of Okinawa, and the harvested area occupies more than half of the whole country (Nationwide First place). Harvest season: December to March place). Harvest season: April to June. Tuna: Blessed with abundant marine resources in the coastal waters, boasting one of the largest catches in Japan (ranked 7th in Japan). Peak fishing season: April to July. Ships meat pigs, etc. using high-priced “Okinawa Agu Pork” (ranked 16th nationwide). Okinawa Beef: Mainly breeding management that makes use of abundant pasture resources throughout the year (4th place in terms of the number of calves traded in Japan). Fattening management also produces top-level brand beef in Japan. In Okinawa, various agricultural, forestry and fishery production activities are carried out in various places, taking advantage of the geographical characteristics of being surrounded by the warm subtropical climate and the vast sea. Despite the harsh natural environment, such as frequent typhoons, agriculture, forestry and fisheries such as sugarcane, fruit trees, and livestock support the local economy, especially on remote islands and in the northern part of the country. The JA Okinawa Koza Branch Horticultural Production Subcommittee was established in 1996 jointly by the city and JA Okinawa, and since then has been working to improve quality and expand production. Edible chrysanthemums accounted for 100% of the prefecture's production in the city.
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