【製品名(商品名)】
南水
【種類】
Pyrus pyrifolia (Burm. f.) Nakai var. culta (Mak.) Nakai
【生産地】
秋田県（皇極, 斉明天皇「齶田」）
【名前の由来】
I heard that the name was taken from “South” of Nanshin Agricultural Experiment Station in Nagano Prefecture and “water” of Shinsui Pear.
【主な特徴】
The Akita Prefectural Assembly has begun a comprehensive review of the Budget Special Committee on March 15, 2022. Regarding the improvement of wage levels, which Akita has made one of the most important issues, Governor Satake said, “Competition between attracting companies is the most effective,” and expressed expectations for the spread to local companies. On the first day of the general examination, it seems that 10 members of the Diet had a question with the prefecture. Of these, Tokaibayashi, a member of the Mirai parliamentary group (Ogachi-gun, Yuzawa City: Education and Public Safety Committee, Parliamentary Steering Committee), has a wage level that the prefecture has positioned as a “selection / concentration project” in the “New Akita Genki Creation Plan.” Regarding the improvement, it seems that the Governor explained at the plenary session that he would ask the attracting company to have a wage level comparable to that of the head office. If similar industries enter the same industrial zone, there is a risk that wages will move to higher ones, so attracting companies are also very nervous in the same industrial zone. Incentives as a prefecture for improving wage levels, plus competition between companies. This is most effective, the governor said, saying that the wages of the attracting companies will rise and spread to local companies, which will lead to an increase in the wage level of the entire prefecture. The general examination will be held on the 16th today, and nine members of the Diet will be asking questions, and I hope that the locally elected members who will steer the near future will do their best. Among the students who graduated from high school in Akita prefecture in the spring of 2022 and want to get a job, the percentage of those who want to get a job in the prefecture seems to have reached a record high. According to the Akita Labor Bureau (Sanno, Akita City, 4th floor of Akita Joint Government Building), among the students graduating from high school this spring, 1742 people who want to get a job are 101 less than the same period of the previous year at the end of January. It seems it was. The job offer rate is 94.8%, which is almost the same as the previous year. The number of students who want to get a job in the prefecture is 1403, and the ratio of those who want to get a job exceeds 80% for the first time, which seems to be the highest ever. Work style reform: Faced with diversifying needs of working people, such as a decrease in the working-age population due to the Declining birth rate and aging population, and a balance between childcare and long-term care. Under these circumstances, it is positioned as an important issue to improve productivity through investment and innovation, expand employment opportunities, and create an environment where employees can fully demonstrate their motivation and abilities. Work style reform will realize a society in which various work styles can be selected according to the individual circumstances of each worker in order to solve this problem, and enable each worker to have a better future outlook. I am aiming for that. Akita Prefecture is located in the northwestern part of the Tohoku region. The western part of the prefecture faces the Sea of Japan side, the Ou Mountains in the east, the Shirakami Mountains in the north, the Hinoto Mountains and the Kamuro Mountains in the south, and are surrounded by mountains on three sides. In the central part of the prefecture, there is the Dewa Mountains in the north and south, and the area of the prefecture is the sixth in the whole country, but due to the mountainous terrain, most of the flat land is in the basins of the Yoneshiro and Omono rivers. The Omono River basin, which flows through the southeastern part of the prefecture, has a Yokote basin that stretches about 60 km north-south and about 15 km east-west. The Senboku Plain is formed by the alluvial fan of the Sainai River, Kawaguchi River, Maruko River, etc., which originates in the Ou Mountains on the east side, and the floodplain of the Tamagawa River, which is the largest tributary of the Omono River that flows through the western edge of the plain. The western part of the prefecture faces the Sea of Japan, and the eastern prefectural border is the Ou Mountains extending from north to south. The climate of the prefecture is a typical Sea of Japan climate. In winter, the cold air of the Siberian air masses from the Asian continent is warmed from the lower layers and becomes moist as it blows through the Sea of Japan where warm currents flow. Then, it is forced to rise in the Ou Mountains, and cumulonimbus clouds develop, causing stagnation and snow. For this reason, snow is less in the coastal areas and more in the inland areas, making the Yokote Basin one of the most heavy snowfall areas. During the rainy season, there are more sunshine hours than on the Pacific side, and sunny days often continue, but it seems that there are years when heavy rains occur at the end of the rainy season. In summer, unlike the Pacific region where the wind from the moist sea blows, there are many sunny days, high temperatures, and many midsummer days and tropical nights. The cold airflow cold pacific wind (in the tohoku region in summer), which causes cold damage to northern Japan in the summer, is blocked by the Ou Mountains, so it is said that it will be hardly affected except for a part of the northern part of the prefecture. The famous Semboku Plain is now one of the leading agricultural areas not only in the prefecture but also in the Tohoku region. Before Showa’s large-scale clearing and agricultural irrigation projects, it seems that it was a wilderness with virgin forests spread out and wet fields scattered between them. Today’s agricultural development is inherited as a result of the tireless efforts of many ancestors. After the transfer to Akita in 1602, the Satake clan conducted land surveying, which is the basis for calculating annual tribute, and encouraged the development of newly reclaimed rice fields. It seems that the crop yield increased 1.4 times in the clan from 1625 to 1713. However, in the Senboku region, many areas are occupied by mountains, and because of the alluvial fan, the altitude difference is large and the water supply is inconvenient, so development was delayed compared to other areas. Since 1705 in the middle of the Edo period, the farming villages have been exhausted due to frequent famines and bad crops of Horeki, Tenmei, and Tenmei, and the development of newly reclaimed rice field has stagnated. It seems that they have implemented policies such as exemption and exemption for cultivated people and provision of benefits. By the 1870s, the area of open fields had started to increase. As a development in the Senboku area, in 1825, Yoshihiro Satake-Ko, the lord of the Akita feudal clan, set up a weir in Tamagawa, which is located in Hirokuuchi, Shiraiwa Village (currently Kakunodate, Senboku City). The weir (called Oseki) was excavated, and about 3,000 town walks (1 town walk = about 0.9917ha) were planned to be opened. It was started in 1825 and completed in 1833. As a result, it was used as supplementary water for Furuta along with the development of a newly reclaimed rice field of about 200 ha in the forest wilderness. This seems to be the beginning of the current Tazawa sosui. After the completion of the canal, it was used while repairing and improving due to the collapse of the waterway, but it seems that the waterway including the Tamagawa weir was destroyed by the 1854 flood. Akita Prefecture was born in 1871. In the early Meiji era, the Meiji government implemented measures such as the return of the samurai to farming and the promulgation of the Land Tax Reform Ordinance, and promoted the breeding industry promotion measures. It seems that agricultural promotion (agricultural promotion measures) was also promoted by introducing Western farming methods and granting improvement funds. In Akita Prefecture in the early Meiji era, rather than the land reclamation and agricultural irrigation development seen in the late Tokugawa period, the agricultural technology aspect including the seedling exchange meeting that started in 1878 (the 134th Akita Prefecture Seedling Exchange Meeting was held in 2011). The promotion measures in Akita were the main focus. In the latter half of the Meiji era, the government promulgated the Land Consolidation Law in 1899, promoted a new technology, the dry rice cultivation method, and turned to aggressive agricultural policy. In the same year, the Agricultural Association Law was enacted, and an organization to disseminate agricultural technology was formed in rural areas. In 1904 and 1905, the prefecture promulgated three prefectural ordinances: compost building restructuring rules, paddy rice drying implementation rules, and dry field implementation rules, and it seems that reforms were promoted more compulsorily. However, despite the efforts of the enthusiastic leaders and promoters of Makoto Inada at that time, farmers relied on conventional farming methods and it was essential to secure irrigation water (water source). It seems that it was only about 69% in all prefectures in 1914. By 1918, due to the promotion of dry field horse cultivation, cultivated land consolidation, agricultural association (agricultural technology dissemination), etc. It seems that it has been completed or is under construction. The conversion of agricultural land began to stand out from the middle of the Taisho era, and it became necessary to replenish the agricultural land. Due to the tight supply and demand of food, the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry at that time made a land use plan for land suitable for mass reclamation nationwide. In the prefecture, land use plans were made for two districts outside Jindai Village and Shiraiwa Village and nine other towns and villages in the Senboku area, but this plan uses Lake Tazawa, Tamagawa, and a new reservoir as water sources. , It seems that it was to open 1,640ha of rice fields. It happened that Tohoku Shinko Denryoku Co., Ltd. was established in April 1936, and it will start a power generation business in Tamagawa by adjusting the river water of Lake Tazawa and Tamagawa. In order to make the water use plan compatible with the land reclamation plan, discussions were concluded between the three ministries of the time, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, Ministry of Communications, and the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. The state-owned Tazawa sosui reclamation project was started. Since then, I heard that the Tamagawa River basin has been adjusted for water use by this Tamagawa River Water Control Plan, and that the land reclamation and water use projects have been implemented according to the needs of the times. After the end of the war in August 1945, in the face of a severe food crisis, various projects were promoted to promote development with the aim of increasing food production, war damage, and employment measures for overseas repatriates. In the 1955s, the movement to expand the management scale from the development became active, and in order to expand the management scale by creating agricultural land, improve the agricultural structure and foster independent management, the irrigation facilities from the core to the end were integrated. The pioneering pilot project system was established as a model project to be constructed, and it seems that state-owned and prefectural projects were implemented. In the Senboku Plain, the state-owned second Tazawa reclamation construction project seems to have been carried out as the first district in Japan. In the Senboku Plain, which straddles Daisen City, Senboku City, and Misato Town, Senboku District in the southern part of Akita Prefecture, land-use crops such as soybeans, mainly paddy rice, as well as edamame and asparagus（In addition to the usual summer and autumn harvest seasons (July to October), winter cultivation is also carried out using the house. I heard that they are also working on the production of mini asparagus because it is “just right for children’s lunch boxes.”）are combined for complex farming. Is being done. Rice cultivation is the main crop in the prefecture. More than 70% of the paddy rice (Uruchi rice; non-glutinous rice) varieties that are cultivated are “Akitakomachi Rice”. The prefecture has prospered from ancient times with agriculture, mining, and forestry as its main industries. Agriculture is a rice-producing region, mining is one of the leading mining prefectures in Japan such as “Hospital Ginzan” and “Ani Mine（In 1716, it became the number one copper producer in Japan and accounted for a major part of Nagasaki’s export copper. It became a clan of the Kubota domain from the mine, and after becoming a government-owned mine in the first year of the Meiji era, it was sold to Ichibei Furukawa in 1885.）”, which reached its peak at the end of the Edo period, and forestry is a high-quality Akita with one of the largest forest areas in Japan. It seems that it has made great progress by supplying cedar all over the country. Looking at the ratio of the primary industry to the gross domestic product in 1955, it is in the mid 30% range, which is much higher than the national average (a little less than 20%), and the region has extremely blessed resources nationwide. I hear that it has developed under that foundation. However, agriculture has been closed one after another since the mid-1980s due to the effects of the slump in international copper prices and the appreciation of the yen, due to the country’s anti-reduction policy, the influx of cheap foreign rice, and the shortage of successors. The forestry industry has been sluggish due to a decrease in demand mainly due to the influx of cheap foreign timber, and the proportion of the primary industry has declined significantly in recent years. It is said that the industry that has emerged in place of these is electrical machinery. Before the war, a major electrical machinery manufacturer set up its first manufacturing base in the prefecture, and now the concentration of companies engaged in the production of electronic components is increasing, making it a leading industry in the local industry. Looking at the characteristics of the industry from the composition ratio of the prefecture’s total production by industry, from the history, the ratio of the primary industry centered on agriculture is higher than the national ratio, and in addition to rice, “Hinai Chicken” and “Arctoscopus japonicus”, It has national specialties such as “Akita beef”. In addition, the ratio of the tertiary industry is slightly higher than that of the whole country, and the ratio of the wholesale / retail industry is lower than that of the whole country, while the ratio of the government service industry is much higher than that of the whole country. On the other hand, the ratio of the secondary industry is lower than that of the whole country, and the breakdown shows that the ratio of the construction industry is higher than that of the whole country, but the ratio of the manufacturing industry is lower than that of the whole country. Food products, which have the second largest ratio after electrical machinery in the manufacturing industry, are one of the major industries in the prefecture due to the strength of the primary industry in this prefecture, such as the highest production of sake in Japan. That’s it. Looking at the economic scale of the prefecture, it seems that the national share of basic economic indicators such as the prefecture’s gross domestic product, the value of manufactured goods shipped, and the number of business establishments is less than 1%. However, in recent years, we have fostered automobile-related companies and industries that are expected to grow, fostered wind power generation industries that utilize the blessed wind resources of the region, and supported conversion to “aggressive agriculture, forestry and fisheries” including the sixth sector. Industrial measures that transcend the boundaries of industry, government, and academia are being developed for regional revitalization, and revitalization measures that utilize the prefecture’s abundant resources and a wide variety of physical and intellectual property accumulated from the past. I hear that is progressing. The prefecture is one of the most popular folk songs in Japan, and there are many songs that sang the local Akita that caught our hearts. How many times have I been healed during difficult times? For the naming of “Nansui Pear”, the naming committee narrowed down the candidates from the many candidate names collected through open recruitment, and finally five candidates of “Tenryu”, “Ryusui”, “Nansui”, “Akizuki”, and “Shinano”. It seems that the name remained. There are reasons for naming each, for example, Tenryu was taken from the Tenryu River flowing through the breeding ground, and Ryusui was taken from the “dragon” of the Tenryu River and the “water” of his father’s new water. Nansui seems to have been named after “Minami” and “Sui” of Shinsui at Nanshin Agricultural Experiment Station (Shimoichida, Takamori Town, Shimoina District, Nagano 399-3103). In addition, I heard that there is a desire to become a variety that can fly nationwide alongside Kosui and Hosui, which are cultivated nationwide. Furthermore, it is said that he imagined the coolness and sublime of the Nanshin region including Ina Valley and the Southern Alps. At first, Tenryu and Ryusui were the first and second candidates, but the names have already been registered and Nansui Pear, which was the third candidate, was named. Nansui Pear has a lot of fruit juice and is characterized by its strong sweetness. The sugar content is 14 to 15%, and the fruit weight is 360 to 380 grams. It has a long shelf life, and seems to last for 1 month at room temperature, 3 months in refrigeration, and 6 months in ice temperature storage. From the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries variety registration website, application number 2739 Date of application 1988/03/31 Date of publication of application-Registration number 2293 Date of registration 1990/06/13 Duration of breeder’s rights 18 years Date of disappearance 2008/06/14 * Name and address of registered varieties Nagano Prefecture (Nagano City, Nagano Prefecture, Minaminagano section of village): Name of the person who bred the registered varieties Mr. Koshiro Miura, Mr. Tadahiro Miyashita, Mr. Chikarou Hori, Mr. Fumio Akabane, Mr. Shohei Miki, Mr. Hiroshi Makita, Mr. Hiroshi Imagawa, Mr. Junichi Shiozawa, Mr. Tadaaki Shimazu, Mr. Akira Usuda, Mr. Yoshito Uenuma, Mr. Yuji Oshima. This variety is a hybrid seedling of “Echigo” and “Shinsui（It is famous as an early-maturing red pear harvested before “Kosui”. I heard that the maturity period is around mid-August in the Kanto region. Although the fruit quality is excellent, it is difficult to secure flower buds, and the cultivated area is decreasing due to the small size of the fruit and the inferior productivity. It seems that it was raised as a Wase red pear harvested before “Kosui”. The maturity period is mid-August in the Kanto region, the fruit weight is 250-300 g, the sugar content is high at around 13%, the acidity is stronger than that of “Kosui”, and the taste is rich. It is vulnerable to Alternaria kikuchiana Japanese pear pathotype, but it is stronger than the “Nijusseiki”, and it seems that the damage is relatively small even if it is cultivated without bags. Although the fruit quality is excellent, it seems that the cultivated area is decreasing due to the difficulty in securing flower buds, the small fruits and the inferior productivity. In addition, it is said that “Kotobuki Shinsui” was cultivated as a variety to which Alternaria kikuchiana Japanese pear pathotype resistance was imparted by irradiation of “Shinsui Pear”. In 1988, the dormant branches of ‘Shinsui’ were rapidly irradiated with gamma rays with a dose rate of 2.5 Gy / h and a total dose of 80 Gy with 60 CO as the radiation source, and ‘Hattko（Harbin pear (Pyrus ussuriensis var. Hondoensis), a fast-growing variety that matures in the Kanto region from mid-August to late August and is harvested at the same time as Kosui. The origin of the name seems to be taken from the parents “Yakumo” and “Kosui” one by one.）’ and ‘Yakumo’ planted at the Tottori Prefectural Horticultural Experiment Station. Highly connected to Yakumo’and cultivated trees. Alternaria kikuchiana Japanese pear pathotype The Alternaria kikuchiana Japanese pear pathotype disease resistance test using the crude toxin (AK toxin) produced by the fungus was started, and in 1989, one branch that did not respond to the crude toxin was selected. Since it has excellent disease resistance to Alternaria kikuchiana Japanese pear pathotype, it was tested under the strain name of “Pear Breeding No. 2” in the 6th strain adaptability test of pear, which has been conducted by the Fruit Tree Experiment Station since 1993. Named ‘Kotobuki Shinsui’ in August 1996, it was registered and announced as None Norin No. 18. This variety was cultivated through joint research between the National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences and Tottori Prefecture, which started in 1987. It seems to be the one. Observing the degree of onset of Alternaria kikuchiana Japanese pear pathotype in the field, it seems that it is clearly stronger than the original variety’Shinsui’. Has symptoms on shoots and young fruits, and under bagless cultivation, there are many fruit drops due to black spot disease, but it seems that there are only a few symptoms and no fruit drops. Alternaria kikuchiana Japanese pear pathotype Black spot spore inoculation for disease resistance (15A strain and ML-10E strain) and Alternaria kikuchiana Japanese pear pathotype NARO investigated the degree of disease resistance by toxin treatment, and found that ‘Kosui’ and ‘Hosui’ It seems that it is not completely resistant like ‘Gold Nijusseiki’ but is disease resistant. It seems that the traits other than black spot disease resistance, such as tree characteristics and fruit characteristics, are not different from the original cultivar ‘Shinsui’ in the previous surveys. Utilization of results / Points to note: Since this line shows almost the same cultivation characteristics as the original variety ‘Shinsui’, the suitable cultivation area is the entire pear cultivation area in Japan as well as’Shinsui’. Alternaria kikuchiana Japanese pear pathotype The disease resistance is not completely resistant, but it is about the ‘Gold Nijusseiki’, and the control system of the resistant varieties ‘Kosui’ and ‘Hosui’ can be sufficient. That’s it.）”, and has a flat fruit shape and a strong sweetness. The tree vigor is medium, the thickness of the shoots is thick, and the internode length is medium. The shape of the mature leaf is elliptical, the size of the leaf is rather large, and the length of the petiole is short. The size of the flower is medium, the shape of the petal is a circle, the number of petals is medium, and the flowering period is medium. The shape of the fruit is oblate, the depth and width of the brown is medium, the depth and width of the fruit is medium, the presence or absence of fruit is mixed, the size of the fruit is medium (about 360 g), and the color of the pericarp is Yellow-red-brown, medium-sized fruit points, slightly dense fruit points, and rough fruit surface is smooth. The length of the fruit stalk is rather short, the thickness is medium, the presence or absence of a flesh stalk is absent, the shape of the fruit heart is a short spindle, the size is medium, and the number of ventricles is medium. The color of the flesh is white, the hardness of the flesh is slightly soft, the flesh is medium and dense, the sweetness is high, the acidity is slightly low, the aroma is extremely low, the juice is high, and the number of seeds is high. The maturity period is a little late, and it is from the end of September to the beginning of October in the breeding ground, which is almost the same time as the “Shinsei”. There is no root rot, honey symptom and fruit cracking, and the fruit storability is rather long. Compared to “Hosui”, the shape of the fruit is oblate, the maturity period is late, etc., so compared to “Shinsei”, the shape of the fruit is oblate and there is more sweetness. , It is said that distinction is recognized by the fact that the acidity is low.
The pears are caught from late September to early October every year, and have a mild sweetness, plenty of fruit juice, and a soft and crisp taste. It has the most storability among many varieties, for example, it lasts for 1 month in a cool and dark place, about 3 months in a home refrigerator, and in ice-cold refrigeration until early spring. Usually, it doesn’t appear much unless it’s near the year-end gift.
A relatively new variety of pear produced by crossing Echigo pear and Shinsui pear in 1990. The skin is yellowish brown, the flesh is almost snow-white, the texture is crispy and comfortable, and the impression is that there is a lot of juice. In addition, the acidity in the center is low, and the sugar content tends to be extremely high.
NANSUI pear was bred at the Nanshin Agricultural Experiment Station in Nagano Prefecture, but it seems that it was established mainly for research to promote agriculture and solve agricultural problems in the Nanshin area, which consists of theonyms and Nanshinshu. In addition, it seems that it is aiming to conduct a survey on Pyrus pyrifolia and persimmon breeding techniques and quality selection throughout the prefecture. This seems to be because the experimental station specializes in these research fields. In addition, the Nanshin region is rich in changes in weather and topography, and many types of crops are cultivated. Taking advantage of these regional characteristics, we will collaborate with related organizations / organizations and production sites to create new “varieties and technologies” from the perspective of test research, focusing on fruit trees, brand building, people- and environment-friendly, and stable production. Working on development.
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