【製品名（商品名）】
赤かぶ
【種類】
Brassica rapa
【生産地】
青森県上北郡東北町, 七戸町（天間林地区）, 野辺地町, 六ヶ所村, 横浜町,青森市（浪岡地区除く）, 弘前市（岩木地区・相馬地区除く）, 十和田市（十和田湖地区除く）, 東津軽郡平内町, むつ市（大字田名部＝旧JA斗南丘酪農地区に限る）（JAゆうき青森, JA全農あおもり）
【名前の由来】
A general term for turnips whose hypocotyl is red to purplish red. Since there is no clear definition, it refers to all or part of things such as those with red skin, those with red contents, and those with red stems.
【主な特徴】
“Small turnip with leaves”, which is grown mainly in Noheji Town, Kamikita District, Aomori Prefecture, has a cool summer climate and is very sweet with a thin skin and a soft texture. It seems to be recommended. Besides, it plays an active part in various dishes such as wholesale not only to japanese-style meal but also to French restaurants. May-October is the peak of shipment. In order to deliver delicious small turnips that contain a lot of water to all parts of the country in a fresher state, producers start harvesting before dawn, carefully washing and boxing so as not to damage the thin skin. Seems to be going. In January 2019, JA Yuuki Aomori (Tohoku Town, Kamikita District) used Chinese Yam, which boasts the highest shipment volume in Japan, for biogas power generation (purchase price is still maintained. Japan has Food residues and livestock manure. It is clear that we are still finding a way to generate electricity using waste organic substances such as sewage sludge. For example, small wind power generation of 20kW or less has a high purchase price of 55 yen / kWh. Food residues, livestock manure, sewage Ferment sludge and resource crops to generate CH4 and CO2 (CH4 + CO2 + N2 + H2 + H2S + O2) (reduce environmental load, recover energy, utilize residues, improve economic efficiency). Biogas power generation uses gas as fuel to operate a gas engine. Woody biomass power generation (individual trees that make up a forest absorb and fix carbon dioxide in the atmosphere by photosynthesis. Produced from the forest. Burning wood as energy generates CO2, and if the forest is renewed after the trees are cut down, it is absorbed by the trees again in the process of its growth. From carbon neutral, carbon dioxide is used instead of fossil fuel. It seems that the construction of the plant is simple and relatively low cost compared to (it contributes to the prevention of global warming by suppressing the emission of food residue). Need to dispose of things). Utilizing the remaining residue such as the roots of YAM that had been discarded so far, the profits obtained from selling electricity are used to partially generate processing costs. In November 2018, the power generation facility was completed on JA’s premises and the business has started. At the same JA, after sorting, there will be a total of about 4 tons of tails per day and a chinase yam that cannot be shipped outside the standard. It costs about 20 million yen a year to dispose of it, and it seems that reducing the processing cost was an issue. It seems that it is a mechanism to generate electricity by burning the gas produced by fermenting tail and YAM that can not be shipped in the tank. It seems that the annual power generation is expected to be about 160,000 kilowatt hours, which is equivalent to the power consumption of 36 households number of ordinary households. Chinese yam, called “Dioscoreae rhizoma” in China, is a healthy vegetable that is rich in vitamins, minerals and dietary fiber and has effects such as appetite promotion, digestion promotion, fatigue recovery, and nutritional tonicity. Aomori Prefecture is the largest producer of dioscorea opposita, boasting the largest acreage in Japan and the second largest shipment volume in Japan. Yuuki Aomori Agricultural Cooperative is one of the largest production areas in Japan, boasting the largest acreage and production volume in the prefecture. This area overlooks the Hakkoda Mountains on the west side, and the vast land spreads out in the skirt. It is a cool area affected by the seasonal wind Yamase that blows from the sea. In the jurisdiction, it is said that it has developed by taking advantage of this cool climate and expanding the production of dioscorea opposita and garlic, which are not easily affected by Yamase. JA Yuuki Aomori’s long potatoes are thick and pure white, and are characterized by a crispy and sticky texture. The variety is a native species “Dioscorea batatas; Gankumijika” that was born in Aomori, and is characterized by its fairness, tenacity, and low harmness. This seems to mean that the neck is short. Chinese yam in Aomori is highly evaluated not only in Japan but also in overseas markets, and seems to be exported to the United States and Taiwan. In Taiwan, it is prized as a health food that works as a nourishing tonic, and unlike Taiwanese (wild species), Aomori’s long potatoes, which have a fine cross section and are white, are deeply popular. In the cold region of Aomori, Chinese yam, seeds are planted in May, and the harvest is “Autumn digging”, which is harvested from November to December, and “Spring,” which is harvested from March to April after wintering. It is said that there are “digging” twice a year. “Autumn digging” is a new product that has just been dug, and has a thin skin and little lye, so you can enjoy a fresh and crispy texture. “Spring moat” is ripened over the winter and the starch changes to sugar, which makes it sticky and sweet, and it seems that you can enjoy the rich taste of aging. In order to grow deep in the ground, a special excavator is used to cultivate the field to a width of about 15 cm and a depth of about 1 m. It seems to be harvested. The height of the vine grows to the height of an adult, and it seems that the growth of long vines in the ground can be seen by the color of the leaves and the thickness of the stems. In addition to the aging of producers and the shortage of successors during normal years, there was a concern that the area would decrease significantly at the beginning of the year due to the combination of seeds and shortages, but the desire to maintain the area of producers from the recent highs is quite strong. , The area is expected to decrease only a little. Variety: “Shoji”. JA is responding to producers by strengthening farming guidance. I heard that it is necessary to continue to pay attention to the effects of using seeds that are not normally selected in the year due to lack of seeds, rather than judging only by the varieties at the time of harvest this year. Mr. Hironori Mukai, the former chairman of the JA Yuuki Aomori Vegetable Promotion Association Nagaimo Subcommittee, which has been in farming for 30 years, was praised for Chinese yam’s high-quality, high-yield production technology and its contribution to production promotion as a leader in regional agriculture. In 2017, he was certified as a ”master of Chinese yam” by Aomori prefecture. The Chinese yam raised by Mr. Mukai was donated as an offering for the Daijosai festival following the throne of His Majesty the Emperor in November 2018. He said, “The reason why I chose the dioscorea that I raised as an offering of the prestigious Daijosai is because my parents and seniors worked hard for more than 50 years to make this area one of the top Chinese yam producing areas in Japan. Chinese yam in Aomori is white like snow, has a little ash juice, and is characterized by its crispy texture and rich taste. I hope you will enjoy Aomori’s Chinese yam, which is good for your health.” In the jurisdiction, “healthy fields” to build a production system for “safety and security” demanded by consumers, such as minimizing the effects of pests and fertilizers and pesticides, which are not easily affected by the weather. Based on the belief that “healthy vegetables grow in the country”, he is working on the thorough creation of healthy soil through the “eco-fertilizing certification system”. I hear that this is a system in which producers and JA work together to set basic field target values and certify each registered production field based on soil diagnosis results and patrol confirmation. In addition, in order to make effective use of the residue generated during cleaning, sorting and processing of Chinese yam, a joint venture funded by a domestic renewable energy company in 2019 will provide a small-scale biogas power generation facility (power generation scale of approximately 350 kwh / Day). It is said that the electricity obtained from biogas power generation by methane fermentation of Chinese yam residue is sold and a part of the profit is returned to JA Yuuki Aomori. In addition, it seems that it is planning to use a garlic drying facility that uses the waste heat of hot water generated by power generation and liquid fertilizer from the digestive juice of methane fermentation. It is said that the Governor of Aomori Prefecture commended the company in January 2021 for its efforts to reduce waste treatment costs and build a power sales revenue system, which was evaluated as having contributed to the promotion of the formation of a recycling-oriented society（PCB; physical aspect, biologocal aspect, chemical aspect）. JA Yuuki Aomori Chinese Yam Subcommittee is actively holding exchange events with consumers in order to create a production area where people can see their faces and strengthen the brand power of Chinese yam. Since 2014, we have asked each producer to sample the Chinese yam raised by each producer at shopping malls outside the prefecture and elementary schools in the jurisdiction, and held the “Delicious Chinese yam deciding match” to vote for the most delicious one and decide the ranking, which was well received. I heard that It has been held 13 times so far, and the number of votes is increasing year by year at shopping malls outside the prefecture, so it seems that the people concerned are feeling the results of consumer promotion activities. In 2019, he also participated in sales promotion activities in the United States, which is the export destination. It seems that the tasting sale of “Chinese yam butter-grilled”, which can be easily cooked at a Japanese supermarket in Seattle, Washington, USA, was well received. In particular, I feel that it was very effective for people who do not know how to eat, and from the subsequent exchange of opinions, I felt the need for future tasting sales, recipe proposals, and PR of health effects and safety. That’s right. Chinese yam is also called “mountain eel” and seems to have been eaten for nutritional tonic since ancient times. It contains a large amount of the digestive enzyme amylase and has the function of helping the digestion of the ingredients eaten together. It is rich in vitamin E and folic acid, and is expected to be effective in preventing lifestyle-related diseases, improving sensitivity to cold and stiff shoulders, preventing anemia, and maintaining the health of the gastrointestinal mucosa. It is rare among potatoes that it can be eaten raw, and it can be eaten as it is, but it is also delicious when boiled, baked or steamed, and it is said that you can enjoy various textures such as crispy, torotoro, and fluffy. Also, since it can be stored frozen, if you buy one long potato, peel it, cut it into a size that is easy to use, and freeze it, you can thaw and eat only what you need. JA Yuuki Aomori seems to have posted easy and delicious recommended recipes such as Chinese yam butter grilled, Chinese salad, juice, Chinese yam soboro boiled, healthy pudding, etc. with videos on its homepage. In addition, let’s try to build a healthy body by tasting Aomori’s Chinese yam, which is thick and pure white and has a crispy and sticky texture. It has a harsh climate with cold Yamase in the summer and snow in the winter. It is said that garlic is produced by storing plenty of sugar content and umami, taking advantage of the climate. Aomori Prefecture is Japan’s largest garlic producing area, accounting for 80% of the domestic garlic production. JA Yuuki Aomori boasts one of the highest production volumes in the prefecture, and is said to be making its own products such as “MILD229 (mild garlic)” and “New black garlic Ai-chan” that do not bother the smell after meals. The JA Garlic Subcommittee has set up an eco-farming certification system to make delicious and safe garlic through thorough soil preparation, and it is shipped all over Japan, including the Kanto region. Let’s move on. The origin of turnips is said to be around Afghanistan or the region of Southern Europe on the Mediterranean coast. It has been cultivated in Europe since BC, and since the 16th century it has been widely cultivated for food and feed, and I hear that turnips for feed occupy an important position. It is said that it was introduced from the continent during the Yayoi period in Japan. It seems to be the first record in the “Nihon Shoki” that in the 7th year of Emperor Jito (693 AD), “I gave a request to encourage cultivation as a crop to supplement the five grains.” In Japan, local varieties have been established indigenously for a long time, and it has become an important center of variety development in the world. There are a wide variety of turnips cultivated in Japan, such as “Red Turnips”, white turnips, large, medium and small, and there are about 80 varieties all over the country, including many native varieties unique to the region. Different strains are cultivated in the east and west with Sekigahara, Fuwa District at the western end of the Seino district in Gifu prefecture, and the Western-style strains whose origin is transmitted from Afghanistan through Europe are cold-resistant in eastern Japan. So, it seems that the Japanese-style strains transmitted via China are mainly cultivated in western Japan. It is also characteristic that there are many red turnip strains in eastern Japan. In the main production areas, summer and winter varieties are cultivated in combination, and although it varies from month to month, it seems that they are shipped year-round. The optimum temperature for growing turnips is 15 to 20 ° C, and it seems that they are cultivated in tunnels during the winter. I heard that the yields in 2004 were mostly in Chiba, Saitama, and Aomori prefectures, and the three prefectures accounted for about 76,000 tons, accounting for 45.4% of the total. Turnips have different nutrients in the roots and leaves. The roots are light-colored vegetables, rich in vitamin C, calcium, and dietary fiber, as well as the starch-degrading enzyme amylase. Amylase helps digestion and absorption when eaten raw, and eliminates heartburn and overeating discomfort. The leaves are green-yellow vegetables and are rich in β-carotene, vitamins B1 and B2, C, calcium and potassium. From a nutritional point of view, it has been proved and elucidated by ancestors and researchers that leaves contain more various nutrients than roots. Small turnip with leaves, which is cultivated mainly in Noheji Town, Kamikita District and is famous nationwide as a brand product. In 2007, it was registered as a “Small turnip with Noheji leaves” and has been highly evaluated by the market and consumers as a summer turnip. It seems that you can eat everything from the roots to the leaves. It has whole leaves and is characterized by its fruity sweetness and soft texture, so you can eat anything. Harvested early in the morning before dawn, with the highest priority on quality and freshness. The reason for its popularity is that it is harvested in the morning when the temperature is low and shipped the same day, so the leaves have a crispy texture and you can eat everything from roots to leaves. Only good products are shipped nationwide. It is branded with strict quality control. The JA Small Turnip Subcommittee has established branding through thorough quality control, in which only non-defective products are shipped. Since we want to deliver only fresh and really delicious products, they are delivered to the product name after undergoing strict quality and standard checks. Producers say they harvest every day before dawn, when the temperature is low. Wake up at 1:30 in the middle of the night and harvest. This is also said to be a delicious secret（Registration Number: No. 5089196, Registration Date: November 2, 2007, Registration Bulletin Publication Date: December 4, 2007, Publication Date: April 19, 2007, Application Number: Business Application 2007-25902, Application Date : March 26, 2007, prior application right generation date: March 26, 2007, renewal application date: May 12, 2017, renewal registration date: June 6, 2017, expiration date: 2027 November 2, Trademark (for search): Yamase \ Eastern wind and blessings of the earth \ Heji \ Nobeji hatsuki Kokabu etc., Registration number: No. 5513618, Registration date: August 10, 2012, Registration gazette publication date: September 11, 2012, Publication date: February 4, 2010, Application number: Commercial application 2010-655, Application date : January 7, 2010, Date of prior application: January 7, 2010, Expiration date: August 10, 2022, Application type: Regional organization. Trademark (for search): Nobe Jiha Tsukikokabu , Name (reference information): Noheji hatsukikokabu, Noheji kokabu, Noheji kabu. Right holder name or name: Yuuki Aomori Agricultural Cooperative, Address or whereabouts: Tohoku Town, Kamikita District, Aomori Prefecture, Name or name: National Federation of Agricultural Cooperatives, Address Or whereabouts: Chiyoda Ward, Tokyo）. Turnips are originally sweeter than radish, so even those who don’t cook much know that they can eat raw or vinegared turnips deliciously. When simmering, it is not necessary to boil it because there is little lye. It seems that the seasoning should be diluted to bring out the original taste of the turnip. The leaves are rich in nutrients, so it’s best to use miso soup, salt, and stir-fry without throwing them away. Also, the spring seven herbs “Brassica campestris” is a turnip. “Raphanus sativus L.” is a radish, and it is often thought of as a companion because it resembles a radish that is spoken side by side. It seems. In the world, in the 18th century, in the Norfolk region of England, cultivated land with root vegetables and pasture mixed with grains was cultivated in four districts, and it seems that Mr. Cork spread it as a Norfolk farming method. This farming method is a new farming method that replaces the three-field system since the Middle Ages. It is a method of planting feed caps and clovers on fallow land to feed livestock and eliminate waste of land. It seems that many turnips are still cultivated for feed in Europe. In addition, turnip grows in thin areas, so it is famous for being produced as a salvage crop all over the world, but it seems that it is cultivated especially in Russia, the suburbs of Turkey, and India. As an aside, Hakodate’s “red turnips” have been nurtured over a long history. There are various theories about its roots, and it seems that the original seeds were brought by western-route shipping or by settlers in Aomori prefecture. The ship used the westbound route to Osaka and Edo through the Seto Inland Sea, or the eastbound route to Edo through the Tsugaru Straits. I hear he has come to call ships on the westbound route. There seem to be several reasons for calling it, such as the theory that the northern ship has become dull, and the theory that Kitamae ship is a ship that runs in the Sea of Japan in the sense of the Sea of Japan. The facts can only be understood by human beings, the proof of living in that era. However, there is no doubt that there is a flowering and romance of civilization.
The red color is polyphenol, which has a strong antioxidant effect and has the effect of keeping the body youthful. Famous catechins, isoflavones and anthocyanins are one of them. It is said that there are more than 8,000 kinds of existing bitterness and pigment components in nature. It has the effect of converting harmful substances such as active oxygen into harmless substances, and seems to be useful for preventing lifestyle-related diseases such as arteriosclerosis. It has also been confirmed that it suppresses the oxidation of LDL. Along with sodium, it also contains a large amount of potassium, which maintains the osmotic pressure of cells, maintains acid-base balance, transmits nerve stimuli, regulates cardiac and muscle functions, and regulates intracellular enzyme reactions. It is expected to be effective in preventing high blood pressure such as excretion of salt in the body. Effective intake of these foods seems to help maintain good health.
The place of origin is from Afghanistan to the Mediterranean coast, and it seems that it has been cultivated since BC. After that, it seems that it was introduced to Japan from the continent around the Yayoi period, and in the Nihon Shoki, Emperor Jito recommended the cultivation of turnips as a crop to supplement the staple food “Cereals” in 693. Also, in the Heian period, it was one of the “seven spring herbs” (Water dropwort, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Jersey cudweed, Fivestripe wrasse, Lamium amplexicaule, Brassica campestris, Suzushiro (daikon radish)), which has been important since ancient times in Japan. It seems that it has become a popular crop as a vegetable. In addition, since it has been cultivated in Japan for a long time, it is indigenous to the land and various varieties unique to the region are born. From, it can be roughly divided into the Asian type, which was introduced from China, and the European type. Most of the European type is small and has cold resistance, so it is cultivated mainly in eastern Japan in Japan. In addition, most of the Asian types are medium to large, and it seems that they are cultivated mainly in western Japan. Small turnips are improved and produced in various places, but it seems that they are originally from around Kanamachi, Katsushika Ward, Tokyo.
As for Apios americana, JA boasts the highest production volume in Japan. It is a leguminous plant native to North America and is said to have been introduced to Japan during the Meiji era. Cultivation began in earnest in the Shichinohe area in 2000, and it is called “Potato bean” locally and has been eaten for a long time. I hear that it is a healthy food that is very nutritious and sticks to completely pesticide-free cultivation. Although it is a tuber, it seems to have 4 times more iron, 5 times more fiber, 3 times more protein, and 30 times more calcium than potatoes. Energy is 1.6 times that of sweet potatoes and 2.6 times that of potatoes. It has high nutritional value such as vitamin C and vitamin E, which is said to be not contained in tubers, and it is a food with amazing ingredients. The leaves are compound leaves, and the length is about 5 cm to 7 cm. From July to September, it produces flowers with a rich scent similar to violet, shaped like a deep purple butterfly.
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