【製品名（商品名）】
にっこり
【種類】
Pyrus pyrifolia (Burm. f.) Nakai var. culta (Mak.) Nakai
【生産地】
栃木県那須烏山市, 那須郡那珂川町（JAなす南）
【名前の由来】
It was named “Nikkori” by combining the tourist destination “Nikko” in Tochigi prefecture and the Chinese reading “Lee” of pears.
【主な特徴】
On February 7, 2022, JA Nasu Minami started full-scale shipment of “Momotaro Tomato”, which is also a town brand certified product, in 2022. Momotaro tomato is a large pink tomato that does not hurt even if it is fully ripened on the tree before shipping. Takii & Co., Ltd., a long-established store from the Edo period and founded in 1835, launched in 1985 and boasts explosive popularity. The JABato Tomato Subcommittee has been cultivating the Momotaro series for 30 years. Currently, 6 members of the club have planted a total of 1.5 hectares, and from the 21st year of production, the variety “Momotaro Hope” (TTM105: from the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries variety registration, application number 32077, application date 2017/04 / 24, Date of publication of application 2017/07/24, Registration number 28407, Date of registration 2021/03/18, Duration of breeder’s right 25 years, Date of extinction of breeder’s right Name and address of variety registrant Takii Seedling Co., Ltd. (Umekoji-dori Inokuma Higashiiri Minamiebisucho, Shimokyo Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture) Names of those who bred registered varieties Mr. Hiroshi Fukunaga, Mr. Takehiro Yokokawa, Outline of plant characteristics of registered varieties Coloring of anthocyanin is medium, internode length (limited to normal varieties) is medium, leaf length is slightly long, leaf width is slightly wide, leaf notch is pinnate twice, leaflet size is medium, leaf green The strength is medium, the shape of the flower cluster is single, the color of the petals is yellow, the peduncle is separated, the size of the fruit is large, the fruit diameter ratio (vertical / horizontal) is quite small, and the fruit in the vertical cross section. The shape is slightly flat, the folds on the shoulders are strong, the dents on the indentations are slightly strong, the size of the buds is medium, the size of the flower drops is medium, the shape of the apex is smooth, and the color of the fruit epidermis is Colorless, medium-sized fruit heart, medium-thickness, medium number of ovary, 6 or 7 or more ovary, green on the shoulder of the fruit in the young fruit stage, medium color in the young fruit stage, ripe stage The fruit color is red, the flesh color at the ripe stage is pink, the hardness of the fruit is medium, the early and late flowering is medium, and the early and late maturity is slightly late. Then, the distinction is recognized by the strong folds of the fruit shoulders, etc. Compared to the control variety “Momotaro Fight”, the distinctiveness is recognized by the strong folds of the fruit shoulders, etc. There is.) . The variety is popular for its good balance of sweetness and acidity. It seems that about 200 tons will be shipped to Keihin and Sendai by the end of June in early summer. According to the chairman of the department, the weather is good and the result is good. It is difficult to put the soaring cost of heavy oil that warms the greenhouse on the price, but everyone wants to cooperate and do their best. On Wednesday, March 10, 2021, the “Tochigi Agricultural Meister Certificate” issuance ceremony was held at the JA Nasu Minami Main Store (Shiraku, Nakagawa,Town Nasu District). Farmers selected as “Tochigi Agricultural Meisters” will provide guidance on cultivation techniques and business management to new farmers. It seems that it was positioned as a project to secure human resources development in the production area newly established by the prefecture in 2020. This time, 10 members of the JA Nasu Minami Pear Subcommittee Research Department were certified as “Tochigi Agricultural Meisters” as instructors in the pear section. It seems that the trainees have been welcomed as accepting farmers in the new farmer training training “Minami Nasu Agricultural Academy” which will finally start in April 2021. On behalf of the certified person, the chairman of the research department said, As a ‘Tochigi Agricultural Meister, I would like to accept people who will create production areas together as friends who will work hard together, learn from each other, and carefully nurture them. Was greeted. In order to secure new farmers and train them as the next generation of farmers, the prefecture is supporting the efforts of production areas to set up farmers who provide one-on-one technical guidance to those who wish to start farming. “Nikkori” (From the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Variety Registration Homepage): Application number 6756 Application date 1994/03/31 Registration number 5138. It is a cross-bred variety of “I-33” (“Wase Ishii” × “Nijisseiki”), and was named and registered in 1972. It is a variety and is registered as an agricultural and forestry certified variety (Pear Norin No. 8).) At that time, the seed parent was “Kikusui” × “Yakumo”, but after a while, in 2003, the fruit skin color, Self-incompatibility genotype, DNA analysis, etc. were investigated, and it was found that “Kosui” × “I-33” was crossed and it is very likely that they were bred.)” It is selected and cultivated from the obtained seedlings. The shape of the fruit is circle, the skin color is reddish brown, the size is about 850 g, and it is a late-maturing variety that matures in the middle of October in the growing area (Utsunomiya City, Tochigi Prefecture). Tree vigor is strong, shoot length is quite long, shoot thickness is thick, internode length is short, lenticel size is medium, shoot color is dark green-brown, short fruit branch growth is Slightly small, flower buds oval, medium in size. The shape of the mature leaf is circular, the shape of the tip is medium, the shape of the base is circular, the angle of the saw blade at the leaf edge is medium, the size of the leaf is slightly large, the length of the petiole is quite short, and the ratio of petioles is quite small. The petals are medium in size, the flower color just before flowering is pale peach, the shape is an egg, the cuts are small, and the petal color is white. Fruit shape is circle, fruit shape index is medium, stalk depth is deep, width is slightly wide, stalk depth is medium, width is narrow. The maximum weight is about 850 g, the color of the pericarp is reddish brown, the size of the fruit points is medium, the density is dense, the rough smoothness of the fruit surface is slightly rough, the length of the fruit stalk is short, the thickness is thick, and the flesh stalk. With or without, fruit core size is medium, flesh is slightly snow-white, hardness, coarseness and browning of the cut end are medium, sweetness is high, acidity is weak, aroma is minimal, fruit juice is abundant, seeds The shape is a little long egg, and the size is quite large. The maturity period is late, and the storability is long in the growing area in mid-October. “Atago (In the 20th century (1888, in Ohashi village (currently Matsudo city, Chiba prefecture, Nijusseikigaoka Nashimoto town)),” a 13-year-old “Mr. Kakunosuke Matsudo” boy became a relative. It was discovered at Mr. Sahei Ishii’s house. It was named “Nijisseiki Pear” in 1904 with the hope and expectation that it would become a representative variety of this “Chinese Pear” in the 20th century. The birthplace of “Nijisseiki Pear” was the Nijisseiki Park, and a monument was built in the park. The original tree of “Nijisseiki Pear” was a national natural memorial in December 1935. Has been designated. Unfortunately, it died in 1957, and the original tree is preserved in the library of the Matsudo Municipal Museum. It was created by Mr. Kakunosuke Matsudo of Yahashira Village Ohashi from 1888 to 1898 after painstaking efforts. Today, Tottori Prefecture boasts the highest production in Japan, and at Nijusseiki Park (24, Nijusseikigaoka Nashimotocho), the birthplace of 20th century pears, there is a monument of gratitude given by Tottori Prefecture. Are standing.) ” × It is said to be a mating seedling with “Chojuro” in Kanagawa Prefecture, and was later announced by Mr. Akio Kikuchi in 1915. At that time, it was considered to be a cross with “20th century (self-breeding)” or “Imamura Aki”. Confirmation of the history of 55 Japanese pear varieties by S gene and SSR marker analysis: Agricultural Research Organization) In some cases, the shape of the fruit is circular, etc., compared to “Shinsetsu (announced in 1949 in Niigata Prefecture as a mating seedling of “Okusankichi” × “Imamura Aki”)”. The color of the shoots is dark green-brown, the number of short fruit branches is small, the shape of the mature leaves is circular, the shape of the fruits is circular, the color of the peel is reddish brown, etc. , “Niitaka (“Amanokawa” in Niigata Prefecture × Known as a mating seedling with “Chojuro” in Kanagawa Prefecture. At the former Tokyo Prefectural Gardening School (Tamakawa Fruit Garden),” Mr. Akio Kikuchi was around 1927. At that time, it seems that it was a hybrid of “Imamura Aki” in Kochi prefecture. However, Agricultural Research Organization: The hybrid parents of 55 Japanese pear varieties are revealed by analysis of self-incompatibility (S) genotype and 18 SSR (Simple Sequence Repeat) markers (Research period: 2000). -2008). Alternatively, the DNA fingerprint method: DNA fragments and variations in their lengths are used as differential markers “Fingerprint prints”, and identity identification (genetic analysis: Genetic) by the (allele) gene. Compared to analysis), the distinction is made by the fact that there are few short fruit branches, the shape of the mature leaves is circular, the size of the depressions of the fruits is narrow, and the skin is reddish brown. It is said that it will be accepted. The registration date is 1996/08/22. The date of extinction of breeders’ rights was 2014/08/23. Variety registrant, Utsunomiya City, Tochigi Prefecture, registered cultivar breeder, Mr. Kaneko, Mr. Takahashi. It is always popular because it is large and has a refreshing sweetness and good taste. The image character “Nasumin” was born to commemorate the 10th anniversary of the merger (2009). JA Nasu Minami’s “Nasu; Eggplant” character is expressed by the hat, hair, and left hand part, and the south “Mi” character is also expressed by the shape of the bangs. A character that promotes delicious special products created with confidence, with the image of Nakagawa in blue and vegetables and mountains in green. “Nasukarasuyama City” was born on October 1, 2005 by the merger of Minaminasu Town, Nasu District and Karasuyama Town, Nasu District. The total area is 174.35 km2, which is 2.7% of the total area of the prefecture. The city is located in the eastern part of Tochigi prefecture, about 30 to 35 km from Utsunomiya city, the capital of the prefecture. It borders Takanezawa Town, Shioya District in the west, Sakura City and Nakagawa Town in the north, Ichikai Town and Motegi Town, Haga District in the south, and Hitachiomiya City in Ibaraki Prefecture in the east. The terrain belongs to the Yamizo Mountains, and the Naka River runs through the plains, and hills are formed on the right bank of the Naka River, and large and small rivers such as Arakawa and Egawa run through the hills. Minami Nasu city area and Karasuyama city area are formed in this area. The left bank of the Naka River is an eastern mountainous area, and seems to be formed by mountainous areas and small rivers belonging to the Naka River Prefectural Natural Park. There are two national roads and seven major local roads. National road 293 runs from east to west in the northern part of the city, and national road 294 runs from north to south in the center of the city. In particular, the central part of the city where National Road 294 intersects with the principal local road Utsunomiya / Nasu Karasuyama Line is a key point of transportation in the eastern part of Tochigi Prefecture. The specialty Nakayama pumpkin is a delicious pumpkin with a very thin skin, a deep orange flesh and fine texture, and a sweet potato-like texture. The distribution volume itself is not large, but it is a pumpkin that is well known locally. Seeds are managed in JA Nasu Minami jurisdiction to maintain quality. Also, each pumpkin has a sticker with a photograph of the producer’s face, which is a sign of self-confidence. It is said to be derived from pumpkins that farmers have been making for their own consumption in the Nakayama area for more than 50 years. It was difficult to cultivate and the harvest period was short, so it was only distributed in some areas. Therefore, it seems that Tochigi Prefecture and JA Nasu Minami jointly registered the variety (New Nakayama: From the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries variety registration, application number 13401 Application date 2001/03/28 Application publication date 2001/10/12 Registration number 12198 Registration date 2004/08/18 Duration of breeder’s rights 20 years Date of extinction of breeder’s rights Name and address of variety registrant Tochigi Prefecture (Hanawada, Utsunomiya City): Nasu Minami Agricultural Cooperative (Shiraku, Nakagawa Town, Nasu District, Tochigi Prefecture): Name of the person who cultivated the registered varieties Mr. Kenichi Yatabe Mr. Eiichi Muroi Ms. Hisako Tsuchiya Mr. Toshiaki Motoshima. There are no designated countries with restrictions on exports. This variety is selected and cultivated from the native varieties of Karasuyama Town, Tochigi Prefecture. The fruits are spindle-shaped and slightly large, and the fruit surface at the time of shipment has a pattern of light green stripes on a black-green background. , The flesh is orange-yellow and powdery. The seed size is large, the seed coat color is pale yellowish brown, the cotyledon size is slightly large, the hypocotyl length is medium, the thickness is large, and the cavity size is medium. The shape of the grass is vine, the grass is strong, the number of side branches is large, the notch of the leaves is shallow, and the size is large. The shape of the fruit is spindle-shaped, the shape of the tip is convex, the shape of the base is slightly convex, the size is slightly large, the state of the fruit surface is ridge, the size of flower drop is small, the ground color of the fruit surface (shipping period) is Black-green, pattern (shipping period) is light green, the color of the flesh is orange-yellow, and the quality is powder. Seed-the number of days to harvest is late and the nodularity is low. Compared to “Eighty Squash” and “Miyako Squash”, the fruit shape is spindle-shaped, the base shape is slightly convex, and the flower drop is small, so that distinction is recognized.) in 2004. In 2013, JA Nasu Minami realized the registration of a regional collective trademark. There are many products in which the characteristics of traditional production methods and production areas such as climate, climate, and soil are linked to characteristics such as quality. The system for registering and protecting the names of these products (geographical indications) as intellectual property is the “geographical indication protection system”. Cultivation is also popular in the city and prefecture, and varieties such as “New Nakayama” and “Miyako Pumpkin” are being cultivated. In particular, “New Nakayama” is a variety developed by the Tochigi Prefectural Agricultural Experiment Station and is well known as Nakayama pumpkin, which has a strong sweetness, and seems to be so popular that it sells out quickly even at direct sales offices. On October 1, 2005, Bato-cho, Nasu-gun and Ogawa Town, Nasu District merged to form Nakagawa Town. The town is located in the east-northeast of Tochigi prefecture, adjacent to Otawara city in the north, Nasukarasuyama city in the south, Sakura city in the west, Daigo town in Ibaraki prefecture, and Hitachiomiya city in the east. It is about 22.0 km east-west and about 18.9 km north-south, which is long from east to west, and has a total area of about 192.7 km2, accounting for 3% of the prefecture as a whole. Most of the terrain is mountainous areas extending from Mt. Yamizo to the southwest, and the hills centered on Mt. Takakura, the hills on the northwestern slope of Mt. It is composed of and so on. The clear stream Naka River, which is said to be the Shimanto River in the Kanto region, flows south in the center, and a relatively flat Iono opens along the flow on the right bank. There seems to be. On the other hand, the Mumo River runs through the left bank, and villages are scattered along small rivers in mountainous areas, and urban areas are formed downstream of it. The climate is a typical inland climate, and although there are differences in temperature, it seems that the environment is comfortable to live in throughout the year. There are three roads, National Highway 293 that crosses Town, National Highway No. 294 that crosses the Ogawa district, and National Highway No. 461 in the east, which are the main lines connecting neighboring cities and towns and other prefectures. Former Bato Town is located in the northeastern part of Tochigi Prefecture, and Bato Town, which is adjacent to Ibaraki Prefecture, was born on July 1, 1954 by the merger of 1 town and 3 villages. Opened from ancient times, the town is dotted with many cultural properties. In addition, a large amount of gold dust was collected during the Nara and Heian periods, and it seems that it is known as the oldest gold producing area in Japan. In the Middle Ages, it became the territory of the Mito clan of the Tokugawa Gosanke family, and I heard that a unique culture was formed, such as the production of special products such as leaf tobacco and Kosago-yaki with the encouragement of successive feudal lords such as Mitsukuni-Ko. Former Ogawa Town is surrounded by the Naka River and the Yamizo Mountains in the east, and the Kiren River Hills in the west. In the fertile and flat terrain, there are many burial mounds including the oldest Komagata Otsuka burial mound in eastern Japan, the ruins of the government office that ruled Nasu District from Nara to the Heian period, the ruins of Nasukanei Ruins, and Nasu no Yoichi-Ko. There are many historic sites such as castle ruins. Loan of land for sale: I heard that “Agricultural Rural Living Takate no Sato; native place” has 10 lots of town-owned land (about 1 ha) and is free of charge for 20 years as a residential land for those who wish to live in Nakagawa Town. The land to be rented is about 150 tsubo; 495.868 m2 or more per block, and it is said that it can be freely used, such as building a new house and using it for a kitchen garden. JA Nasuminami Western Vegetables Subcommittee: “Karasu Daikon” is a black crow native to Europe cultivated by the Nasuminami Agricultural Cooperative Western Vegetables Subcommittee in Tochigi Prefecture. The name comes from its black appearance. Around 2009, several producers made prototypes of black radish native to Europe, and the market evaluation was high. Introduced for the purpose. In June 2010, the “Western Vegetables Subcommittee” was also established, and full-scale cultivation has started. Initially, there were 15 club members and the acreage was about 2 ha, but from the second year onward, there are also shifts to other items, and now there are 12 club members and the acreage is 50 a. Initially, it was planned to ship from October to December 2010, but due to requests from the market and restaurants, it is said that it is currently shipping almost every year except midsummer. Since it is originally a Western vegetable, I heard that it is suitable for Western-style cooking such as pickles and butter saute. Also, if you grate raw and use it as a condiment for buckwheat noodles and somen noodles, the refreshing spiciness spreads in your mouth and you can enjoy it refreshingly. The black skin, white flesh, and unique flavor with spiciness, which have not been seen so far, have attracted a lot of attention, and they are used in French restaurants. There seems to be. Since that time, it seems that they are also focusing on PR activities, such as using the logo mark with the crow motif on the packaging and having them use non-standard products as condiments in partnership with the local soba association. In addition to “Karasu Daikon”, each member of the subcommittee cultivates various western vegetables, and at that time, it seems that about 100 varieties were cultivated annually. He said that his future tasks were to introduce standards that are easy to use in the food service industry and to devise countermeasures to eliminate the interruption of shipment by establishing a cultivation method in midsummer. There is umami between the skin and the body, so it is recommended to wash the skin thoroughly before eating. “JA Nasu Minami Koshihikari” is sold as a unified brand using locally produced Koshihikari, and is said to have been well received for its good taste. In addition, there are many special products such as pears, strawberries, tomatoes, eggplants, flowers, plums, and pumpkins, and the producers are working together to produce them with the motto of food safety and security. It seems that the products are distributed not only to the Tokyo market but also to the Keihin and Sendai markets.
【栄養素・機能性成分】
タンパク質: macromolecule; Structural proteins make up the body, and functional proteins are proteins involved in digestion, transportation, and chemical reactions. Digestive enzymes such as pepsin（aspartic endopeptidase）and trypsin（Endopeptidase & Serine Protease）, which are cut by digestive enzymes and decomposed into small peptides and amino acids, absorbed and digested finely, are also made from amino acids.
脂質 ; It has important roles such as being used as an energy source, becoming a component of cell membranes, organs, and nerves, and assisting the transport of vitamins. It keeps a person’s body temperature, moisturizes and glitters the skin, helps normal hormones work, and has an active function. Women, in particular, can be detrimental to beauty and health and need some lipids for beautiful skin and hair. However, if the intake is too high, it will be stored as fat.
炭水化物; It is a compound of carbon（Ca）and hydrogen（H）, and is divided into sugar, which is taken into the body as food and used as an energy source, and dietary fiber, which cannot be digested by digestive enzymes in the body.
βカロテン: C40H56; Converted to vitamin A in the body as needed. Carotenoids that are abundant in green and yellow vegetables. It is important for maintaining the health of skin and mucous membranes and for photostimulatory response, and promotes cell proliferation.
ビタミンB1; Decarbonization in the ketoglutarate dehydrogenase reaction: Coenzyme; Form of thiamine pyrophosphate.
B2; The form of flavin adenine dinucleotide as a cofactor for the α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex and succinate dehydrogenase.
B6; Pyridoxine（C8H11NO3）, Pyridoxal（C8H9NO3）, Pyridoxiamine（C8H12N2O2）; Coenzyme for protein, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism: It acts as a coenzyme（Pyridoxal phosphate）for metabolism of bioactive amines, which is a neurotransmitter, and as a hormone regulator: Helps keep nerves and skin healthy, fight infections, keep blood sugar levels normal, produce red blood cells, and some enzymes work properly.
パントテン酸（Cofactor fused with active carboxylic acid residues such as Acyl coa and succinyl-coa: Coenzyme A（Cysteamine）: C21H36P3N7O16S）
ナイアシン（The form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide as a coenzyme of isocitrate dehydrogenase, α-ketotoglutarate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase.）
ビオチン（5-[(3aS,4S,6aR)-2-oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl]pentanoic acid: C10H16N2O3S）: ビタミンH; It is a colorless acicular crystal that is stable to neutral, acidic, alkaline, oxygen, and light, but weak to heat. It is released from proteins in food by biotinidase（dominant gene）secreted by the pancreas. It translocates into the blood and binds to biotinidase, a transport protein synthesized in the liver.
葉酸; ビタミンM(2S)-2-[(4-{[(2-amino-4-hydroxypteridin-6-yl)methyl]amino}phenyl)formamido]pentanedioic acid: C19H19N7O6; Pteridine（C6H4N4）with para-aminobenzoic acid; PABA（C7H7NO2）and another or more glutamic acids. Most exist in the “Polyglutamic acid type” (A combination of multiple glutamic acids). I heard that it is absorbed from the epithelial cells of the small intestine after being converted to the “Monoglutamic acid type” (A form in which one glutamic acid is bound) by digestive enzymes in the digestive tract. It is soluble in acids and alkalis, but hardly soluble in pure water or ethanol, and tends to be insoluble in acetone（C3H6O）, Diethyl ether（(C2H5)2O）, Chloroform（CHCl3）, and Benzene（C6H6）. In the polyglutamic acid type folate, sugar and protein are released and released in the cooking and processing of foods and in the gastric acid environment. It is decomposed into monoglutamic acid-type folic acid by an enzyme in the small intestinal mucosa and then absorbed into the cells of the small intestine. I heard that it is converted to 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid by the enzyme（small intestinal epithelial cell）. It is transported to the liver via the portal vein, and 50% of the whole body seems to accumulate. It is converted again and transferred to bile, which is reabsorbed from the digestive tract and supplied to tissues for transfer. It is required to return homocysteine, a risk factor for arteriosclerosis, to methionine.etc.
ビタミンC: C6H8O6; Discovered as a Skorbut preventive factor by Royal Navy doctor James Lind in 1753. It removes rust from water-soluble parts of the body, such as blood and the crystalline lens of the eye, and also restores tired vitamin E. It is absorbed mainly from the small intestine as it is without being digested by the stomach. It is then carried in the blood, stored and dispersed throughout the body. It is characterized by its “antioxidant effect”, which inhales, captures a small amount of active oxygen obtained, and detoxifies it. Excessive growth damages DNA or Protein and reduces cell function.
ビタミンE: C29H50O2; It is divided into a total of eight compounds, four tocopherols（In nature, α, β, γ, δ.）and four tocotrienols. It is absorbed into the body from the intestinal tract via the lymphatic vessels together with lipids, and has a very strong antioxidant effect. Protects unsaturated fatty acids and other fat-soluble components that make up biological membranes from oxidative damage: Included in the phospholipid bilayer of cell membranes. It suppresses the production of lipid peroxide, keeps blood vessels healthy, and suppresses the oxidation of LDL（Bad cholesterol）cholesterol in the blood. You will not have hypervitaminosis with a normal diet, as you tend not to have cumulative actions in your body.
フルクトース; C6H12O6: It is well known that it is a water-soluble white crystal and is the most soluble of all sugars in water.
‘グルコース; C6H12O6’: There are D-type and L-type monosaccharides, and the naturally occurring one is D-type, which is also called glucose. It is well known that glucose is a white powder that has a sweet taste and dissolves well in water.
ソルビトール; C6H14O6: It is contained in the fruit of rowan, a plant belonging to the genus Rowan of the Rosaceae family, and the scientific name of this plant is Sorbus aucuparia L. Is the etymology and is known as a natural sugar alcohol.
イノシトール; C6H12O6: It is in the form of free inositol or phosphate ester (phytic acid) and is present in the animal body in the form of inositol or inositol phospholipids. Synthesized from glucose in vivo, phosphatidylinositol（C47H83O13P）is said to play a role as a source of arachidonic acid（C20H32O2）for the production of eicoside and a transmitter of cell response.
スクロース; C12H22O11: A disaccharide in which glucose and fructose, which are synthesized by plants, are bound one by one.
Kaempferol; C15H10O6: 3,5,7-Trihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-chromen-4-one: 3- -hydroxyflavone: Expected to promote RALDH2（Converts vitamin A to retinoic acid（C20H28O2）, activates nuclear receptors on T cells and promotes regulatory T cell differentiation）expression in intestinal dendritic cells through AhR（Aryl hydrocarbon receptor; aromatic hydrocarbon receptor）antagonist（拮抗剤: A substance that acts antagonistically with an agonist and attenuates its action）activity.
リンゴ酸: HOOC-CH(OH)-CH2-COOH: C4H6O5; 2-hydroxybutanedioic acid; It is known as an organic acid obtained by synthesizing fumaric acid or reducing glucose. Dicarboxylic acid, in the role of an intermediate in the TCA cycle: Alpha hydroxy acid.
クエン酸: C(OH)(CH2COOH)2COOH: C6H8O7; When energy is taken up by the living body, it decomposes through various processes to become a substance called acetyl-coa (active acetic acid), which binds to Oxaloacetic acid（C4H4O5）. Later, it transforms into seven types of acids and returns to citric acid. TCA cycle: A substance called “ATP (adenosine triphosphate（C10H16N5O13P3）)” that acts as an energy source for cells in the body. Effective against lactic acid, which is the source of stiff shoulders and muscle fatigue.
ブドウ糖: C6H12O6: D-グルコース’: Known as a component of cellulose, starch and glycogen. D-glucose（Dextrose, an organic compound.）and pure crystalline monosaccharides produced after the starch is completely hydrolyzed. It is divided into water-containing water containing molecular water of crystallization and anhydrous water containing nothing.
カテキン; C15H14O6: (2R, 3S) -2- (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) -3,4-dihydro-2H-chromene-3,5,7-triol: Flavonoids in polyphenols, among them flavanols. (+)- Catechin Diastereomer relationship. It is an isomer of a chemical substance and is also translated as a left-right isomer.
タンニン: A type of polyphenol compound that exists as a solution in the vacuole of plant tissue. In addition, it is an astringent ingredient that is abundant in seeds and is a polymer of many catechins. From two classifications, Hydrolyzable tannins or condensed tannins belong to the Catechol group and Pyrogallol group. It is a type of polyphenol and is often called proanthocyanidin.
クロロゲン酸: C16H18O9, Chlorogenic acid is a well-known antioxidative compound. We investigated the content and behavior of chlorogenic acid derivatives with DPPH radical scavenging activity in sweet potato prepared by various cooking methods. A significant correlation was obtained between the chlorogenic acid content and DPPH radical scavenging activity. While the content and activity in sweet potato cooked with water were substantially retained, roasting in a convection oven resulted in their lower retention due to the higher temperature of around 200℃. We propose that chlorogenic acid could be effectively taken in sweet potato when cooked in a microwave oven or steamed, and also simmered with the cooking water after boiling.（Institute of Nutrition Sciences, Kagawa Nutrition University with Kagawa Nutrition University, Journal of cookery science of Japan 2005）
ペクチン: methyl ester: J. Braconnot, 1825（Rf）: Galacturonic acid: carboxyl group: -C(=O)OH
セルロース:（C6H10O5)n; The main component of plant cell sell stones and plant fibers, and the most abundant carbohydrate on earth.
ヘミセルロース（Amyloid）: Discovered by E. Schulze in 1891. The name of the polysaccharide extracted with alkali after extracting Pectin from cell wall carbohydrates. Xyloglucan（Angiospermae）: With 1,4-β-D-glucan as the main chain, the α-D-xylose residue binds to the O-6 position of the D-glucose residue of 75%. It is distributed throughout the cell wall including the middle lobe, and I hear that it is hydrogen-bonded to cellulose. Tendency to exist as a storage polysaccharide in seeds.
リグニン: Sphingomonas paucimobilis SYK-6: bacterium: Mineralization; Effective resistance to decay and feeding damage.
アミノ酸: イソロイシン（C6H13NO2: 2-アミノ-3-メチルペンタン酸）; Hydrophobic amino acid（BCCA）. The role of promoting the uptake of blood glucose into skeletal muscle without an increase in blood sugar concentration. It works to suppress gluconeogenesis（A pathway that slowly reverses glycolysis from lactic acid, pyruvic acid, amino acid, propionic acid, etc. to produce D-glucose.）in the liver and to oxidatively utilize glucose. A zwitterionic compound having a leucine structural isomer and a sec-butyl group (-ch (ch3) ch2ch3) in the side chain.
トレオニン(スレオニン: C4H9NO3: 2-Amino-3-hydroxybutanoic acid): A zwitterionic compound having an Amino group (-NH2) and a carboxyl group (-COOH) and a hydroxyethyl group in the side chain. There are two diastereomers, but only the (2S, 3R) form is called L-threonine（Since it has two optically active centers, four isomers have been identified.）. It has been suggested that it may compete with alanine, Branched Chain Amino Acids, phenylalanine, serine, tryptophan, tyrosine etc. I hear that it is the newest in history.
シスチン（ C6H12N2O4S2: 2-amino-3-(2-amino-2-carboxy-ethyl)disulfanyl-propanoic acid）; The role of stabilizing the structure of Proteins. It is one of the sulfur-containing amino acids（The composition of Glutathione-SH（C10H17N3O6S）, which is important for detoxification and antioxidant activity.）containing sulfur and has a unique aroma.It converts methionine to Cystathionine（C7H14N2O4S: A catalyst for β-synthase from Homocysteine（C4H9NO2S: 2-Amino-4-sulfanylbutanoic acid）and Serine.）in the human body. It is famous as a sulfur-containing amino acid in which two molecules of cysteine are bound.
グリシン（C2H5NO2: Aminoethanoic acid）; In the Nerve system, it also functions as an amino acid (Collagen: Protein, Elastin（Elastic fiber）, Keratin（△Cystine）, Sericin（C30H40N10O16）.), which is mainly responsible for inhibitory synaptic transmission between the brain stem and spinal cord. The feature is that there are no stereoisomers（The opposite sex with different three-dimensional directions of atoms in space.）such as D-form and L-form. Not only does it improve the shelf life of food, but it also has a sweet taste and is used as a seasoning. Porphyrins（Porphyra; Hemoglobin as an oxygen carrier in human blood (Erythrocyte) is prominent.） related to the function of carrying oxygen in the blood and creatine（C4H9N3O2; A small amount in the brain.）essential for muscle exercise.
グルタミン酸（C5H9NO4: 2-Aminopentanedioic acid）; In animals, it can be synthesized from non-essential amino acids, that is, other organic compounds. Discovered by Mr. Karl Heinrich Leopold Ritthausen in 1866 in the acid hydrolyzate of gluten, a wheat protein. It is famous as a raw material for glutathione and GABA (4-aminobutanoic acid). It can be biosynthesized from “2-Oxopentanedioic acid” and “ammonia（NH3）”. It conveys information to nerves by binding to and activating N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) -type receptors. D-serine（It has the enzyme serine racemase (SRR) synthesized by Glial cells（It acts to give an energy source to nerve cells in the brain and builds an energy environment: A cell that fills parts of the brain other than nerve cells and supports the functions of nerve cells from various aspects.）located in a specific region of the hippocampus.）regulates stimulus volume. It is believed that the Synapse connection will be strengthened, giving memory and learning. There seems to be a hypothesis that the diseases alzheimer dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis are caused by too much stimulation of the “NMDA receptor”.）
バリン（C5H11NO2, SMILES:CC(C)[C@@H](C(=O)O)N）; Energy is metabolized in muscle tissue and is involved in growth. Branched Chain Amino Acids（BCAA: Similar to leucine and isoleucine）: Expected to adjust the nitrogen balance in blood and improve liver function.
セリン（C3H7NO3: 2-Amino-3-hydroxypropionic acid）; A raw material for Phosphatidylserine（C13H24NO10P, Phospholipid- Signal transduction）, a component of cell membranes. It is one of the important moisturizing ingredients to maintain the moisture content of the skin, and can be a raw material for “glycine” that is close to the same ingredient. It is the Natural Moisturizing Factor (NMF: Small molecules such as Amino acids, pyrrolidone carboxylic acids (and their salts), urea, mineral salts, organic acids (and their salts).) of the skin and is the most abundant in amino acid.
ロイシン（C6H13NO2: 2-Amino-4-methylpentanoic acid）; Activator of mTOR: mammallian Target Of Rapamycin（Atypical serine-threonine kinases present in two types of complexes: It senses nutrient sources such as glucose and amino acid, and plays a role of regulators in cell proliferation, metabolism, and survival.）: There are insulin, IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor 1: insulin-like growth factors 1), Testosterone, Nitric oxide, Muscle Contraction etc. An important factor that promotes protein synthesis（BCCA）.
カリウム: K; adult; Potassium: It interacts with “sodium”, which is abundant in extracellular fluid. It works to maintain the osmotic pressure of cells and retain water. After ingestion and absorption in the small intestine, it is transported to tissues throughout the body, most of which is excreted by the kidneys. It is maintained by regulation of reabsorption in the kidney, and the k concentration in blood is maintained between 3.6 and 4.8 meq / l. Together with sodium, it maintains cell osmotic pressure.It works to suppress nerve stimulus transmission, functional regulation of heart and muscle, and intracellular enzyme reaction（I have to add proton transfer equilibrium）. I heard that about 200g is contained in the body of an adult.
カルシウム: Ca; In the body, the amount in cells and blood is strictly controlled. Tendency to move from bone to blood as needed. About 99% is stored in bone, but also in the blood of cells and muscles. If you don’t get the calcium you need, you risk mobilizing large amounts of calcium in your bones and weakening your bones. To maintain normal blood calcium levels, it is necessary to take at least 1000-1500 mg daily. Parathyroid hormone（PTH）and Thyrocalcitonin（Made by the cells of the thyroid gland, hormones have the function of lowering the calcium concentration in the blood by delaying the breakdown of bones.）; It is made up of four parathyroid glands behind the thyroid gland in the neck. As the calcium concentration in In blood rises, the amount of hormones produced by the parathyroid glands tends to decrease. It stimulates bones to release calcium into the blood and reduces the amount of calcium excreted by the kidneys into the urine. Increases calcium absorption by stimulating alimentary canal to increase calcium absorption by promoting the activation of vitamin d in the kidneys.
マグネシウム: Mg;（Vinegar has been known to solubilize insoluble calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) in food, however, the difference in solubilization ability among various kinds of vinegar has not been investigated. In this study, solubilization of Ca and Mg from coral powder and beef bone powder was compared with several kinds of vinegar. Calcium solubilization was observed to be high in grain vinegar, cider vinegar and wine vinegar, and low in rice vinegar and un-polished rice vinegar. On the other hand, magnesium solubilization was high in rice vinegar, wine vinegar and cider vinegar, and low in grain vinegar and un-polished rice vinegar. Calcium solubilization of coral powder was significantly negatively correlated with the pH of vinegar, while Mg solubilization was not. Comparison of solubilization of Ca in un-polished rice vinegar and acetic acid solution suggested that the phosphorus content was also responsible for solubilization in un-polished vinegar. These results suggest that ingredients in vinegar, as well as acidity and pH, affect solubilization of Ca and Mg from food when cooked with vinegar. Characterization of Solubilization of Insoluble Calcium and Magnesium with Various Kinds of Vinegar, Nakano Central Research Institute, Nakano Vinegar Co., Ltd. and Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Tohoku University with Nippon shokuhin kagaku kogaku kaishi = Journal of the Japanese Society for Food Science and Technology 45(11), 655-662, 1998-11-15）
リン: P;（Leakage in urine causes symptoms such as hypoproteinemia, decreased renal function, and hyperphosphatemia.）The amount of phosphorus per 1 g of protein contains about 15 mg, and the intake correlates with the protein intake. The role of combining and strengthening bones and teeth. Higher blood phosphate levels tend to make bones brittle. Calcium tends to combine and become coal in other than bones such as blood vessels and tendons.
鉄: Fe; It is attracting attention as one of the world’s three major deficient micronutrients along with vitamin A and Iodine（I2; In 1811, Discovered by burning seaweed with potassium carbonate, which is the raw material for potassium nitrate by Bernard Courtois（仏）.）Non‐heme iron（Fe）（Included in vegetables, eggs and milk.）; By taking it with foods rich in high-quality protein and vitamin C, the absorption rate into the body is improved. Fe shortage of women due to blood loss, a big problem for expectant mother and lactating women whose demand increases. Due to the metabolism of the body, about 1 mg of iron（Fe）is lost in adult men and about 0.8 mg in women per day. Ferritin（A globular protein complex consisting of 24 proteins.）has a role of suppressing deficiency and excess, and is also called stored Fe. About 90% of anemia is iron deficiency, which is deficient in fe, one of the important materials of hemoglobin.
亜鉛: Zn; Zinc‐deficiency symptom: A state in which the zinc concentration in the blood is below 80 μg / dL to 130 μg / dL. Dermatitis, stomatitis, alopecia, pressure ulcer due to lack. Loss of appetite, developmental disorders, hypogonadism, susceptibility, dysgeusia, anemia, infertility, etc. Various symptoms occur and tend to improve with zinc supplementation.
銅: Cu; It has been known for a long time as a trace essential mineral, which is present in the human body at about 80 mg. It binds to proteins and plays a role in catalyzing a wide range of in vivo reactions. Tendency to be mainly present in bone, skeletal muscle and blood. Although it is involved in hematopoietic function as well as Fe, no reports have been heard regarding the adverse effects of chronic overdose, except for some diseases. Monovalent compounds exist as insoluble salts and complex salts. Divalent salts and complex salts are common. It is absorbed from the small and duodenum and transported to the liver through the portal vein. I hear that the lower the intake, the higher the absorption rate, and the higher the intake, the lower the absorption rate. Large amounts of divalent iron and tin ions competitively inhibit the absorption of copper from the gastrointestinal tract.Inborn errors of copper metabolism（Wilson’s disease）: Protein binding: Hepatolenticular degeneration. It acts as a Cu enzyme and acts as a catalyst for various reactions such as O2 transport, electron transfer, redox, and O2 addition. Important for Fe metabolism and transport, removal of active oxygen, and metabolism of neurotransmitters. Deficiencies can result from hereditary malabsorption or are acquired, but are not found in the normal life of healthy people. On the other hand, cases of symptoms are given to Babies whose main source of nutrition is low-content milk. Insufficiency may cause anemia, leukopenia, and bone abnormalities that do not respond to Fe administration. In addition, there are decreased immune function, cardiovascular abnormalities, and abnormal cholesterol and glucose metabolism. However, this is less frequent.
マンガン: Mn; Functions as an enzyme activation and a component of metal enzymes. It is a silver-white metal with an atomic number of 25 and an atomic weight of 54.94, and its surface is oxidized in the air. I hear that 12（For a weight of 70 kg）to 20 milligramme is present in the body of an adult. It acts directly with many elements, gradually reacts with water, and is easily dissolved in acids. Absorbed by inhalation, oral or transdermal: Ingested from the diet, it dissolves as divalent by gastric acid and becomes trivalent by the oxidative mechanism of intestinal cells. It is absorbed, transported to the liver through vena portalis, secreted from the bile into the intestinal tract, and mostly excreted as feces. Since absorption competes with Fe, manganese tends to be less likely to be absorbed if the iron content in the diet is high. It is abundant in mitochondria, and is contained in high concentrations in pigmented areas in the body such as the retina, hair, and skin pigmented areas. It suggests specific and non-specific effects on many enzyme activities such as oxidoreductase, hydrolase, dehydrogenase, and transferase. It is also a component of arginine-degrading enzyme, lactate dehydrogenase, and manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD). Examples include connective tissue and bone formation, inner ear growth formation, glucose tolerance, fertility, lipid metabolism, growth and involvement in brain function.
【効果効能】
抗癌作用: Anti-cancer effect
抗酸化作用: Antioxidant effect
抗菌作用: Antibacterial effect
抗腫瘍性: Anticancerous
肩こり: Stiff shoulder
腰痛: Lumbago
髪の毛健康: Hair health
風邪予防: Prevention of cold
美肌・美容: Beautiful skin and beauty
老化防止: Prevention from getting older
むくみ解消: Edema
整腸作用: Regulation of the function of intestine
利尿効果: Diuretic effect
利尿緩下: Diuretic relaxation
女性ホルモン: Female hormones
細胞増殖分化: Cell proliferation and differentiation
妊婦: Expectant mother
貧血: Anemia
疲労回復: Recovery from fatigue
視力維持: Maintaining eyesight
消化促進: Digestion promotion
殺菌効果: Bactericidal effect
骨粗しょう症: Osteoporosis
新陳代謝: Metabolism
ストレス解消: Stress relief
活性酸素抑制: Reactive oxygen species suppression
喉・呼吸器安定: Throat, respiratory stability
皮膚粘膜強化: Skin and mucous membrane strengthening
高血圧: Elevated blood pressure
肥満: Corpulence
生活習慣病: Life style related disease
血中コレステロール緩和: Blood cholesterol relief
コレステロール: Triglycerides
二日酔い: Overnight drunkenness
心筋梗塞: Heart infarction
脳梗塞: Brain infarction
血栓予防: Thromboprophylaxis
食欲不振: Anorexia
精神安定: Tranquilize
胃潰瘍: Gastric ulcer
胃腸障害: Gastrointestinal injury
The smiling pears of the JA Nasu Minami Pear Subcommittee also begin shipping in October every year. It seems that the large balls produced by the subcommittee, which have a high sugar content and have cleared stricter selection standards, will be exported or sold as “premium smiles”. I’ve heard that a needle-like line on the butt is a sign of ripeness.
On March 10, 2021, it seems that the “Tochigi Agricultural Meister Certificate” issuance ceremony was held in the meeting room of JA Nasu Minami Main Store. The farmers selected as “Tochigi Agricultural Meisters (in the prefecture, farmers who provide one-on-one technical guidance to those who wish to start farming in order to secure new farmers and train them as the next generation leaders)” , Guidance on cultivation techniques and business management for new farmers. In 2020, it was positioned as a project to secure human resources development in the production area newly established by the prefecture. This year, 10 members of the JA Nasu Minami Pear Subcommittee Research Department have been certified as “Tochigi Agricultural Meisters” as instructors in the pear department.
In January 2022, every year, the JA Nasu Minami Strawberry Subcommittee seems to provide strawberries for school lunch every year as part of the “food education support project” using local specialties. The children enjoyed the locally produced strawberries, and the teachers and the classroom were full of smiles.
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