In March 2021, the vast area of Kushiro Town, Akkeshi Town, Hamanaka Town, and Shibecha Town was designated as “Akkeshi Kiritafu Konbumori National Monument”. The Kiritafu Marsh is in the national park. The designation of a new national park in Hokkaido is the first in about 30 years since the designation of Shokanbetsu-Teuri-Yagishiri Quasi-National Park in 1990. In addition, a new national park will be added to the two national parks, Kushiro Shitsugen National Park and Akan Mashu National Park. Maybe there are many residents in Hokkaido who are expecting further enhancement of the attractiveness of the area. On March 11, 2022, the signing ceremony of the agreement aimed at securing designated welfare shelters for people requiring special attention in the event of a disaster was held at Villa Ashihara no Mori, a B-type office that supports continuous employment (Kushiro Town Beppogenya Minami). It seems that I went there. With this signing, there are 10 designated welfare shelters in the town. According to Japan’s Cabinet Office Disaster Prevention, the recommendations from the “Working Group on Evacuation from Disasters Caused by Typhoon No. 19 in 2018” under the Central Disaster Prevention Council and the Disaster Prevention Measures Implementation Council were compiled in March 2020. In December 2020, the recommendations from the “Sub-Working Group on Evacuation of Elderly People Based on 2018 Typhoon No. 19”, which continued to discuss institutional issues based on this recommendation, were compiled. Based on the recommendations from the sub-working group, the Disaster Countermeasures Basic Law was revised in 2021 (Law to partially revise the Disaster Countermeasures Basic Law (2021 Law No. 30): promulgated on May 10 and May 20. In response to the enforcement), the previous “Guidelines for securing and operating welfare shelters” have been revised and published so that municipalities can use them as a reference when conducting office work. Due to the revision of the Disaster Countermeasures Basic Law in June 2013 based on the Great East Japan Earthquake, the mayor of the municipality may designate a facility that meets certain standards as a designated evacuation shelter in order to temporarily accommodate the victims. Because it was obligatory. In addition, efforts such as ensuring a good living environment at evacuation shelters will be imposed. In addition, among the designated evacuation shelters, the mayors of the municipalities have designated evacuation shelters with special consideration mainly for the elderly, persons with disabilities, infants and other persons who require special consideration as welfare shelters. Kushiro Town has signed an “Agreement on Designation of Designated Welfare Evacuation Centers for Persons Requiring Consideration in the Event of a Disaster” with the specified nonprofit corporation East Hokkaido Sports Commission. A designated welfare shelter is an evacuation shelter that has a system in place so that elderly people who need some special consideration in their general evacuation shelter life in the event of a disaster can lead an evacuation life with peace of mind. The new agreement aimed at designating a designated welfare evacuation center was the East Hokkaido Sports Commission, a non-profit organization, and since there are no facilities in the town to accept people with disabilities, an agreement was signed. It seems that the connection is very encouraging for the town. It seems that they will continue to work with companies and local residents to aim for a disaster-resistant town. When we say the place name Kushiro, it means two cities and towns in the municipality. Kushiro City and Kushiro Town. Moreover, next to each other. Why was the municipality of the same name born, even though there are differences between cities and towns? Kushiro City and Kushiro Town’s origins seem to date back to 1920 when the former Kushiro Town (now Kushiro City) became Kushiro Ward. In the administration of Hokkaido at that time, there was no city, and there were wards in addition to towns and villages. Sapporo, Hakodate, and Otaru were the first to introduce the ward system. After that, Asahikawa and Muroran also established a ward system, but it seems that Kushiro ward was finally born. There were certain conditions for the ward system to be enforced. It was necessary that the ratio of urban areas where the population was concentrated to the area was large. The area of the former Kushiro Town at that time was vast. The only central city area where the population was concentrated was near the mouth of the Kushiro River. Kushiro was aiming to enforce the ward system, so it seems that it was necessary to clear this condition. The easiest way was to reduce the area. Therefore, it seems that he decided to separate the suburbs other than the city area. The separation was centered on the Betsuho district east of the Kushiro River and the Sechiributo in the Shitsugen district. The Setsuri area was also separated at the request of the residents, but this area occupies most of the current population of Kushiro Town. This branch village became a problem because the former Kushiro Town Hall and the Hokkaido Government had proceeded informally. In addition, it seems that Kushiro Village was born by paying an annual subsidy of 110,000 yen to the new village at that time. As a result, Kushiro Ward and Kushiro Village seem to exist. At that time, there were other municipalities with the same name (the details are different, but it seems that there were also Sapporo Ward and Sapporo Village eras). Two years later, Kushiro Ward enforced the city system in “Kushiro City”. After merging with Konbumori Village, Kushiro Village became “Kushiro Town” after the town system was enforced in 1980. While taking advantage of the richness of nature facing the Kushiro Marsh and the blue Pacific Ocean, which has a history from the primitive age, suburban commercial facilities are lined up along the national highway, aiming for the coexistence of nature and the lives of residents. Kushiro Town, Kushiro District, Hokkaido is located in the southeastern part of Hokkaido, in the southern part of Kushiro’s jurisdiction, bordering Akkeshi Town in the east, Kushiro City in the west, the Pacific Ocean in the south, and Shibecha Town in the north. There are three national highways, 44, which connects Kushiro City and Nemuro City, 272, which goes to Nakashibetsu Town, and 391, which goes to Shibecha Town. The total area is 254.15 km2, but about 72.2% of the total area is forest. The terrain consists of flat Kushiro wilderness, and the rivers that flow through the town are 20 water systems and 96 rivers, including 7 first-class rivers and 2 second-class rivers. The climate is cool throughout the year, and from spring to summer it is affected by sea fog, so the hours of sunshine are short and the temperature is relatively low. Since the Meiji era, it has been formed by Konbumori Village, Atoeka Village, Senposhi Village, and part of Kushiro Village, the predecessor of Kushiro City today. Kushiro Village and Konbumori Village, which were separated from Kushiro Town (currently Kushiro City) in 1920, merged in 1955 to form a new Kushiro Village. In 1976, the population exceeded 10,000. The name Kushiro is said to have been converted from the Ainu words “kushiro (passage)”, “kutsuchiyaro (throat)”, and “medicine (unknown)”, but there seems to be no established theory. Currently, it is composed of five areas: Betsuho, Toya, Setiributo, Toyo / Chuo, and Konbumori. Takkobu / Hosooka district: Located in the northern part of Kushiro Town adjacent to Kushiro Marsh National Park, it seems that dairy farming is actively carried out on mountain slopes. In the olden days, cows crossed the river to move to the pasture on the opposite bank, but it is no longer possible to see it. Currently, individuals and corporations are engaged in grazing-centered dairy farming, mainly raising beef cattle. Higashitoya district: Located in the central part of the town, Kushiro Town is the birthplace of agriculture. In the olden days, dairy farming was also popular, but nowadays, open-field vegetables such as “Kushiro Hokugen radish（Ten farmers in Kushiro and Shibecha are cultivating about 180 ha, and the harvest will continue until October. Approximately 90% of the products are shipped to markets outside the prefecture such as Kanto and Kansai, and locally to Marunaka Kushiro Chuo Fruits and Vegetables. Aiming for the best radish producing area in the northernmost part of Japan, it was named “Hokugen”. Inshi with a smooth surface, good shape, and a lot of water. The feature is that it is not spicy. Kushiro Town belongs to the subarctic zone and has a particularly cool climate in Hokkaido. The average annual temperature is about 6.2 ° C, but the amount of snow seems to be small. The coastal areas are prone to fog from June to August, so summer sunshine hours are short. It is a volcanic ash geological soil.）” and carrots, and institutional vegetables such as spinach, broccoli, white turnip, zucchini, and sirona are the main vegetables. Toritoushi District (town-owned farm): A town-owned farm in the western part of Kushiro Town adjacent to Kushiro Marsh National Park. It consists of a vegetable field and a grass grazing area, and radish is mainly produced in the vegetable field and shipped to Kanto, Kansai, Chubu, etc. from mid-July to mid-October, and it is very expensive in each market as a representative vegetable in the Kushiro area. Has been evaluated. Central (Tianning) district: Located in the central part of the town. It has been famous as a “horse-producing area” since the Meiji era, and is the birthplace of the domestically recognized official species “Kushiro Japan” and “Kushiro Sojo”. Currently, it is a dairy area centered on dairy cows. Kyowa district: Located in the central part of the town, Kushiro Hokugen radish, which is the main vegetable of Kushiro town, is cultivated actively. Green onions, cabbage, carrots, etc. are also cultivated outside. Kamibetsuho District: Located in the central part of the town, mainly vegetable cultivation. Mainly facility vegetables produced by greenhouses, tomatoes, cucumbers, turnips, pumpkins, etc. Otakupaushi (Komano) District: Located in the eastern part of Kushiro Town adjacent to Akkeshi Town, dairy farming is flourishing. It is a dairy farming area. Individuals and corporations run dairy farms and mainly raise dairy cows. Jacob’s ladder（Get off and come here）: Light purple flowers bloom from June to July, the stems are stiff and fluttering, the corolla splits into five, and a dark purple line at the inner base. Is dyed and has a skillful color scheme. The graceful beauty of this flower seems to have been selected because it is suitable for a town with a marsh, such as being called a “lady of a marsh” as a flower that means magnificent love, wish and peace. Malus baccata var.mandshurica C.K.Schn. (Manchurian club): Also known as Hime Apple, a deciduous shrub with a height of 3 to 5 m and a diameter of 5 to 15 cm. It bears spherical fruits. It seems that it was selected because it is resistant to the cold and is a tree that suits the climate of Kushiro Town. Strix uralensis (japonica): With a total length of about 50 cm, it lives in a forest with large trees and acts without making noise at night. In the Ainu language, it is called the god who crows at night, and the cry is said to sound like “capture a bear.” In Greek mythology, it seems that it was selected because it has the meaning of a god who controls wisdom, and although it is a magnificent bird, it is unique and easy to become a mascot. Nature: “Kushiro Marsh National Park（(Designation: July 31, 1987, Area: 28,788 ha) consists of the Kushiro River, which flows through eastern Hokkaido, and Japan’s largest Kushiro Marsh, which embraces its tributaries, and the hills surrounding the marsh. The vast, untouched horizontal landscape is the most attractive part of the area. It is also a valuable habitat for many animals and plants, including the Japanese crane, which is a national special natural monument. Kushiro Wetland has been considered to be useless land since the Meiji era because it has been difficult to cultivate, but due to postwar food shortages such as agricultural land development, urban development, and hill logging, the area of the wetland has decreased and is dry. The conversion has progressed. On the other hand, as a result of local researchers and nature conservation groups continuing the movement to review the value of the marsh, the value was recognized internationally, and in 1980 it became the first Ramsar Convention registered wetland in Japan, 7 years ago. It was later designated as a national park. The birth of the first national park centered on a marsh is a new history in the history of Japanese national parks as a result of discovering the value of the marsh, which was once called “barren land”, for the natural environment through local activities. It can be said that it is an event that carved. Currently, it seems that some marine lakes were left about 3,000 years ago, and then it became the current marshland. Many lakes and marshes were scattered in the process of the sea retreating and turning into a marsh. The remnants of this are Lake Toro, Lake Sirarutoro, and Lake Takkobu, which are still found on the eastern side of the marsh. These lakes are said to be called “Lake Kaiseki” because they are lakes that remain filled with water even after the sea recedes. There are characteristic vegetation depending on how it interacts with water. Approximately 80% of the marsh is covered with vegetation mainly composed of Yoshi-Suge marsh (low-rise marsh) and alder, which is moistened by inflow water from the surrounding area and water can be seen on the ground surface. Phragmites australis, Alnus japonica (Thunb.) Steud. In the Mizugoke Marsh (high moor), which is moistened by rainwater and the water cannot be seen on the ground surface, cold and alpine plants such as Watasuge and Gankouran grow, and in lakes and marshes. It is said that more than 700 species of plants can be seen in and around the marsh, including aquatic plants such as trapa japonica and nemurokohone. Eriophorum vaginatum, tocksock is home to Kushiro Marsh, which has a cool climate, and is said to have survived the Ice Age, such as Jacob’s ladder and Cuckoo flower. These have very limited suitable environments for growth and occupy an important position as their habitat. The Kushiro Wetland, which has a vast area and most of which is kept untouched, seems to be home to a variety of creatures. There are 39 species of mammals, about 200 species of birds, 5 species of reptiles, 4 species of amphibians, 38 species of fish, and about 1,100 species of insects. , Japan’s largest freshwater fish such as Ito and Ezo Kaojiro dragonfly. The representative red-crowned crane decreased due to overfishing and changes in the environment, and at one point it was thought to be extinct. It seems that it can be seen in the eastern part. The cool climate of Kushiro Marsh is home to the Salamandrella chinensis, which is said to have survived the Ice Age. These seem to occupy an important position as their habitat, as the suitable environment for their habitat is very limited. In the hills around the marsh, about 400 archaeological sites are distributed from the Paleolithic period to the Ainu culture period. It is often found on Lake Sirarutoro, Lake Toro, Lake Takkobu, and the eastern plateau along the Kushiro River, and it is presumed that it was blessed with living conditions such as transportation and food security. In the surrounding area, it is introduced in the literature of the late Edo period that there was a large-scale Kotan (village) where the indigenous Ainu people lived in the Touro Village area. They were hunting and fishing in the abundant nature, with their blood ties cuddling together to form Kotan. They caught salmon, trout, and smelt in rivers and lakes, hunted sika deer and brown bears in the fields and mountains, and also collected allium ochotense, cardiocrinum cordatum, and smelt. Trapa japonica, which is a special product of Lake Toro, is easy to collect, has a stable yield, and can be stored when dried in the sun, so it was also used as a preserved food in winter. Until the 1975s, a festival called “Bekanbekamuinomi” (a real festival of trapa japonica) was held on the coast of Lake Toro, where residents thanked the blessings of the trapa japonica.）”, which has the largest marshland in Japan, “Atsugishi Prefectural Natural Park”, which has an elegant coastal landscape such as Kiritafu Marsh, Lake Akan and Lake Kussharo / There are three natural parks, “Akan Mashu National Park”, which has famous lakes such as Lake Mashu, Mt. Meakan, Mt. Oakand, and Mt. Io. Be. And, in order to conserve the organisms and plants that inhabit the wetlands, they are registered in the Ramsar Convention designated wetlands. Please enjoy the magnificent view of the marsh from the Hosooka Observatory in Kushiro Town. You will surely be impressed by the panoramic scenery that spreads all over. And the canoeing experience where you can feel the Kushiro Wetland closest to you is also very good. Feeling assimilated with nature, the extraordinary time of nature as far as the eye can see will surely be a special experience. Also, being blessed with nature, you can meet rare creatures such as Japanese cranes (special natural monuments), Japanese cranes, eagle, Salamandrella chinensis, and Ito, and marimo (special natural monuments). It’s one. The history of radish in Kushiro is not clear, but please explain a little. The yield of Glycine max (L.) Merrill in the ward is second in Tokyo, and the yield of Brassica rapa var. perviridis is third. In addition to vegetables, flower seedlings are also cultivated, centering on cut flowers such as summer chrysanthemum（Chrysanthemum × morifolium Ramat. Chrysanthemum × grandiflorum Kitam ）. Shogoin japanese white radish; During the Bunsei era in the latter part of the Edo period, this radish was given to Konkaikomyoji Temple in Kurotani district in the east of Shogoin district, as an offering from Owari Province; when a farmer in Shogoin district was given the japanese white radish and grew it for years, the shape somehow changed to a round shape. The Shogo-in district in Sakyo Ward is where the wagashi (traditional Japanese confectionery) “Shogoin Yatsuhashi” and the dishes “Shogoin Daikon” (Japanese white radish), “Shogoin Kabu” (turnip) and “Shogoin Kyuri” (cucumber) originated.（Extinct varieties: kori-daikon, toji-kabu (turnip), shogoin-kyuri (cucumber)）. Has a round shape like that of a turnip, and it is an essential crop in Kyoto during winter. In Adachi Ward, it is cultivated only in the Iriya district. In December, the harvesting work is being carried out under a cloudless blue sky, and I am watching it in front of me. Some farmers also grow “Red Radish”, which is characterized by its red color. Used as an ingredient to accompany New Year dishes.
The production of Japanese white radish, which is rich in sweetness and is produced in Hokkaido, is the highest in Japan. It supports our Japanese daikon radish lovers. Demand seems to be stable that much, but it seems that planting is declining in the old production areas outside Hokkaido. And it is Hokkaido that has increased the production volume in a way that covers the decrease. Especially in the summer from July to September, Hokkaido-produced japanese white radishes account for 50% of the market in Tokyo and 60% in Osaka. However, as farmers age, heavy vegetables that require physical strength to be taken in are shunned, and it seems that there are many realities that are shifting to light vegetables such as tomatoes, cucumbers, and peppers. In that respect, Hokkaido seems to be relatively blessed with many agricultural specialists and successors, and it seems that there is also a phase in which radish production is flourishing.
Kushiro no Grace: The Kushiro Marsh, which extends inland from the eastern side of Hokkaido, and the hills surrounding the marsh are collectively called “Kushiro Marsh National Park”. Its total area is about 28,000 hectares, and it consists of a vast area that accommodates the 23 wards of Tokyo. It is reported to us that the Kushiro Marsh, which was once in the sea, was gradually drained 4000 to 6000 years ago, and a marsh filled with mud and sand appeared. Kushiro Wetland became Japan’s first Ramsar Convention-registered wetland in 1980 and was designated as a national park in 1987. The Kushiro River meanders through the marsh, and there are many lakes including Lake Oro. The central part of the marsh, where untouched nature remains, is strictly protected as a natural monument, a national wildlife sanctuary, and a national park special protection area. However, in recent years, changes in marsh vegetation and environmental deterioration due to the effects of land development around the marsh and past river improvement seem to have become problems. In response to this, nature restoration projects such as planting forests around the marsh and restoring the meandering of the Kushiro River are currently underway. The Kushiro Wetland Restoration Council, which promotes the natural restoration of the Kushiro Wetland, is an organization of more than 100 organizations, including government agencies, NGOs, researchers, and schools that are engaged in conservation activities, research, and environmental education based in the Kushiro Wetland. Individuals are participating.
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