【製品名(商品名)】
ガンクミジカ
【種類】
Dioscorea polystachya Turcz.
【生産地】
青森県三沢市, 上北郡六戸町（JA全農あおもり）
【名前の由来】
The current mainstream variety is called “Gankumijika”, which is an improved version of the native species of Aomori prefecture. The tubers that came to be called because of their short neck, uniform thickness, and good flesh. The color is white, there is little lye, and the texture is good. Because it means that the neck is short.
【主な特徴】
GankumiJika Taisho Yam is a variety that was improved and cultivated in Towada City, Aomori Prefecture, and was registered with the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries in 1995. The yam, which seems to be particularly excellent among the dioscorea opposita, is made by continuously selecting and nurturing it, and is a thick, long, short-necked china yam. The garden trial system is a variety called the garden trial system 6, which is a good-looking species selected and cultivated from the native strains of Gonohe Town, Sannohe District. It seems that there are the above two varieties that are easy to make even in sandy areas such as Aomori Tanhachi, which is an improved version of the garden trial system 6. Chinese yam, which blooms but does not grow from there and can only grow from seed potatoes (or bulbil), seems to have been selected many times in search of good things. It is vulnerable to diseases and viruses, and if left untreated, it can spread throughout the field. It is useful as a vegetable that is cultivated over a long period of time, spending one to two years to make “seed yam” and another year to grow the commercial “become yam”. Chinese yam in Aomori Prefecture has been endangered many times, but strong and excellent ones have been selected and become varieties, and it seems that the quality has improved to this day. There are two types, one is to grow a “bulbil” consisting of leaf nodes and use the small yam produced as a seed yam, and the other is to use the grown “cut yam cut from a growing yam” as a seed potato. It seems that the seed yam is planted in the soil and lightly covered with soil to raise the ridges. When using bulbil and cutting for the first year, it seems that buds will come out in 20 to 30 days. When the cut yam is used as the seed yam as it is, it seems that the buds will come out in about 40 to 50 days until the buds come out. “Misawa City”, Aomori Prefecture is a treasure trove of Jomon culture, and many archaeological sites have been discovered in the city. The Noguchi shell mound and Waseda shell mound around Lake Ogawara are particularly famous, and the pottery from the late Jomon period excavated from Noguchi is said to be as elaborate as the Kamegaoka site in Kizukuri Town, Nishitsugaru District, and is a valuable research material. The Misawa City Museum of History and Folklore has a large collection of a wide range of historical materials such as these archaeological materials, fishing gear, shinto music masks of folk performing arts, and ancient documents. In addition, rare animal and plant specimens of Lake Ogawara are also exhibited, and it is a mysterious place where you can experience the traditional life and environment in this place rich in nature. During the feudal era, the largest ranch “Kizaki no Maki” of the Nanbu Morioka domain was spread, and even after the Meiji era, it was taken over by the Sabishirotai shared ranch and the village ranch, and has long been widely known as a horse-producing area. Even now, in the suburbs, you can still see the scenery of horses and cows grazing, and you can remember those days. 淋代平; Miss Veedol: 1931 Mr. Herndon and Mr. Pangbourne’s starting point for a non-landing transpacific flight. In addition, the population of Misawa Airport (base), which was built by the Japanese Navy before the Pacific War, has increased sharply due to the requisition and expansion of the US military after the war. It has developed as a city full of exoticism. As a city with a reserve of Jomon archaeological sites, a vast ranch site, an airport, and a fishing port built on a sandy beach, which is rare in Japan, the city will continue to have a diverse face and history with local residents. Due to the cool climate, rare alpine plants such as Buckbean, Daylily, and Drosera rotundifolia L. can be seen even on flat ground. Surrounded by the Pacific Ocean in the east and Lake Ogawara in the west, it has a varied natural environment such as forests, plateaus, grasslands, paddy fields, tidal flats, lakes and coasts. The Phragmites australis grassland, which stretches about 20 minutes north of the city center by car, is a treasure trove of nature and a wetland registered under the Ramsar Convention, Hotoke Swamp. The registration date is November 8, 2005, and it is famous as a low-rise marsh: Nationally Designated Buddhist Wildlife Sanctuary Buddhist Swamp Special Protection Area. Located in the north, a grassland wetland between the Pacific Ocean on the east and Lake Ogawara on the west. Due to the cold winds of the easterly wind “Yamase” from spring to summer and the monsoon “Hakkoda grated” from autumn to winter, this area is flat but has alpine plant communities and both the southern and northern limits. Animals and plants can be seen. In addition, it plays a major role as a breeding ground for rare birds such as the Japanese Marsh Warbler and Ochre-rumped bunting, which are designated as endangered species, as well as a landing site for migratory birds such as waterfowl. Rare wild birds such as the Yellow rail and the Japanese endangered Eastern marsh harrier inhabit, such as cancers, ducks, yellow rails, and dianthus superbus L. You can also see wildflowers such as var. Superbus, Achillea alpina subsp. Japonica, and Scutellaria strigillosa var. Yezoensis, which are visited by many people who enjoy nature. The city is known as a good point for surfing, with its Pacific coastal waves and sandy beaches. Around Lake Ogawara, a citizen’s forest park has been developed, where you can enjoy your leisure time with the blue sky and lush nature, and your feelings will be refreshed. There are auto campsites and bungalows on the shores of the lake where the gentle waves come, and when you walk along the promenade that goes around, you can hear the birds singing in the clear air. At baseball stadiums and tennis courts, you can sweat refreshingly and wash your feelings. What comes to my mind is the 51st National High School Baseball Championship Final, in which Aomori Prefectural Misawa High School participated and won, and on August 18, 1969, the moving game and suspicion judgment from the next day. Regarding suspicions, the rules do not stipulate the relationship between the university of origin and seniors and juniors. It’s all about this. No matter how the times pass, everyone has a feeling. Indeed, it connects with the present age. The first decision is to clear the suspicion, but it cannot be established without each reason. I think that if you don’t always break through, you can’t move on. In addition, hot spring excavation is actively carried out in the city, and in addition to the municipal hot spring (Yasuragi Shoen) in the citizen’s forest, there are hot spring public baths in various parts of the city. Misawa City is located in the southeastern part of Aomori Prefecture, facing the Pacific Ocean to the east and Lake Ogawara to the west. It is a flat land with an area of about 120 km2, about 11 km east-west, about 25 km north-south. Located in the southern part of the prefecture, which has prospered as a horse-producing area since ancient times, the city area was included in the “Kizaki no Maki（Horse pasture directly managed by the Southern Clan）” of the feudal ranch during the Edo period, and people were involved in horse-producing and fishing. It became the US military Misawa base and has undergone a major transformation. Today, as a city in the sky with one of the leading aviation facilities in Japan, many US military personnel, civilian employees and their families live in it, and it continues to develop independently as an international city with an exotic atmosphere. Sister city exchange with Wenatchee and East Wenatchee in Washington, USA, triggered by Miss Veedol, the world’s first non-landing crossing of the Pacific Ocean: Many illustrious events such as American Day, International Summer Festival, and Misawa Air Base Festival are also held. The nature, history and culture of the city, each with its own rich expression. “Aomori Prefectural Misawa Aviation & Science Museum” that tells the deep relationship with the sky, “International Exchange Education Center”, a base facility for international exchange: “Roadside Station Misawa Tonami Clan Memorial Tourist Village” that introduces Yasuto HIROSAWA (Place of birth: Aizuwakamatsu City), who opened a modern Western-style ranch, and sells special products of the city: Furthermore, it is a wonderful place where you can experience the international cultural city, such as the “Shuji TERAYAMA Memorial Hall” that introduces the unique world of the genius Mr. Shuji TERAYAMA（あゝ、荒野, ひとりぼっちのあなたに, 天井桟敷; 身毒丸）. City area 119.87 km2, latitude 40 degrees 40 minutes north, longitude 141 degrees 22 minutes east. It is known that winter is a northern country, but the amount of snowfall is small, and there are many sunny days due to the monsoon that blows from the northwest. Due to the influence of the easterly wind (Yamase) that blows from spring to summer, the coastal area is often covered with cold air and thick fog, and it can be seen that the end of the rainy season is late and summer is short. In the land rich in nature, burdock, dioscorea opposita, garlic, etc., which are one of the highest quality in Japan, are produced, and poultry farming and pig farming are also actively carried out and gaining popularity. As for marine products, good quality squid and smelt are caught in the Pacific Ocean, and clams and smelt tend to be caught in Lake Ogawara. The catch of squid produced in the prefecture is the highest in Japan. Among them, the Japanese Common Squid（squid）from Misawa is nicknamed “Red Dragonfly” because it is caught in the daytime under strict quality control and displayed in the central market and supermarkets in the metropolitan area the next morning. It is popular and has excellent taste and freshness, and is highly evaluated by consumers and related parties. Japanese Common Squid is registered as a regional collective trademark endorsed by the Japan Patent Office on June 3, 3rd year of Reiwa under the name of “Misawa noon squid”. As a proof of its quality, the Styrofoam squid box has a sticker of “Misawa noon squid” with an illustration of Miss Veedol (Red airplane). At restaurants in the city, sliced raw fish is also cooked alive. Yamazaki Pork is a Misawa brand that focuses on quality, food, and the environment. Pigs raised in a highly hygienic environment are safe and secure. In addition, it contains about 7 times as much C29H50O2 as ordinary pigs due to carefully selected pure vegetable feed given at the final finishing stage, and has a light fat and soft meat without odor. 三沢市教育委員会（さくら町）1989 “三沢市遺跡詳細分布調査報告書” 三沢市埋蔵文化財調査報告書6 : 風穴遺跡 : 公園建設のための試掘調査, 集落, 縄文, 土坑1, 柱穴状ピット3, 土器, 石器, 土製品, Both the remains and the relics are considered to be around the time of the 10 large trees in the middle of the Jomon period. A slightly elevated earthwork-like rise with wide flats has an inclusion layer and remains and appears to surround the depression. Confirmed that the area outside the range was included, and expanded the range- 縄文中期末葉. 小田内沼遺跡 : 散布地, 縄文時代, 土坑2, 柱穴状ピット11, 土器, 石器, Both the remains and the relics are thought to be from the early Jomon period. Confirmed that the area outside the range was included, and expanded the range. 春日台遺跡 : It was confirmed that 67 new buried cultural property inclusion sites and 14 well-known archaeological sites had expanded the range of conventional inclusion areas. 岡三沢神楽保存会 : It was handed down to the Nonomiya family, a descendant of the old Shugendo sect. In July 2010, it was designated as a prefectural intangible folk cultural property. 浜三沢神楽保存会 : The year after the cholera epidemic of 1943, villagers who prayed for health and safety by dispelling evil spirits learned the Kagura that is handed down in Kirida, Towada City. In April 1973, Gongen dance was designated as a city intangible folk cultural property. 塩釜神楽保存会 : Many migrants from different origins in Shiogama are said to have introduced Kagura in order to unite the village. In April 1973, “Chicken Dance” was designated as a city intangible folk cultural property. 根井神楽保存会 : Kagura is called a lion dance and was performed during the New Year and the First Full Moon Festival. There are many Kagura books left since 1879. In April 1973, “Yamanokami” was designated as a city intangible folk cultural property. 織笠神楽保存会 : It is said that the Inari Shrine was built in 1884 and danced Kagura every year on October 15th of the lunar calendar. Tsutawaldoboku says that it is a system of Hachinohe Kagura, which is rare in Misawa. In April 1973, “Kagura Dance” was designated as a city intangible folk cultural property. 岡三沢鹿子踊保存会 : Based on a set of four heads, it is performed by a total of thirteen Kago. The form of the dance begins with forming a circle and putting the deer in the garden, and the dance changes every lap, such as the fawn herder, and consists of 13 seats. In February 1993, “Kago dance” was designated as a city intangible folk cultural property. 浜三沢駒踊保存会 : At the vast ranch “Kizaki no Maki” directly managed by the Nanbu feudal clan, the traditional dance that has been handed down from ancestors is continued with a dance that is an entertainment of releasing horses and catching horses in the fall. In October 1959, “Hama Misawa Nanbu Koma Dance” was designated as a prefectural intangible folk cultural property. 山中神楽保存会 : It is said that a person from Esashika Village, Kunohe District, Iwate Prefecture reported this. The performances are four songs, “Chicken Dance, Gongen Dance, Bon Odori, and Sanbaso”. Of these, Chicken Dance was designated as a city intangible folk cultural property in February 1994. 豊年踊保存会 : It has been danced for about 200 years, but in recent years it has been restored from the memory of the old man, and it is said that it has been performed at the Misawa Elementary School 100th Anniversary Festival. In February 1994, “Honen Dance” was designated as a city intangible folk cultural property. “Rokunohe Town, Kamikita District”, The place name does not refer to the village, but when Mr. Fujiwara of Hiraizumi was defeated in the Kamakura period, Mitsuyuki NANBU received Nukanobu five counties (southern Aomori prefecture and northern Iwate prefecture) from Minamoto no Yoritomo due to the great achievement of conquest. There is a theory that it was divided into Kukanobushikado no System to train war horses and one place was set up in one door, and that it was added as a logistics base before that due to strategic reasons. In any case, the Oirase River basin area was called “Rokunohe”. During the feudal era, it was under the control of the southern (Morioka) domain and was under the jurisdiction of Gonohe Daikan. After that, it belonged to the Shichinohe domain, and was unified into Shichinohe prefecture, then Hirosaki prefecture, and Aomori prefecture in October by the abolition of the domain in 1871. With the enforcement, seven villages, Orimo Village, Yanagimachi Village, Kodaira Village, Tsurubami Village, Inu Ochise Village, Kamiyoshida Village, and Shimoyoshida Village, merged into Rokunohe Village. After that, it was changed to Rokunohe Town in October 1957, and in October 2017, it celebrated the 60th anniversary of the enforcement of the town system and continues to the present day. Located in the southeastern part of Kamikita District, it is adjacent to Oirase Town in the east, Towada City in the west, Gonohe Town in Sannohe District in the south, and Misawa City and Tohoku Town in the north. Area 83.89 km2, location is 141 degrees 20 minutes east longitude, 40 degrees 36 minutes north latitude distance 10 km east-west 15 km north-south height 89 m above sea level 14 m low. It consists of the diluvial land that forms part of the southern Daigatake area and the elongated diluvial plain, and there are no conspicuous highlands or mountains. The main water system is the Oirase River, which originates from Lake Towada and flows from east to west slightly south of the center of the town, and the paddy fields spread out in the basin and the scenery is clear. Although it is located in the North Tohoku region, it has relatively little snow and is comfortable to spend in a mild climate throughout the year. However, in the summer, a cold wind called Yamase blows from the Pacific Ocean side, which may affect the growth of crops. The population of the town peaks in 1960 and follows a gradual declining trend. This is thought to be due to the fact that the number of births has declined, the outflow to urban areas has progressed due to the booming economy over the past few times, and that the outflow has reduced the working-age population as well as the young population. During this period, the population was temporarily increasing from 1980 to 1985 due to the completion of Komatsugaoka New Town. However, in recent years, due to the effects of child-rearing support policies and settlement promotion policies, the population has increased in FY2012. 青森県埋蔵文化財調査センター（青森市大字新城字天田内）2007 “坪毛沢（1）遺跡・坪毛沢（3）遺跡” 青森県埋蔵文化財調査報告書430 : 坪毛沢遺跡 : 上北郡六戸町大字犬落瀬字坪毛沢地内, 東北新幹線建設事業, 散布地, 縄文時代, 溝状土坑18, 縄文土器, 石器, Detects pitfalls made on hillsides. Towada a Detects dwelling traces before volcanic ash fall. 狩場, 集落, 平安時代, 竪穴建物2, 溝1, 土師器, 須恵器, 鉄製品, 土製品. 坪毛沢（3）遺跡 : 上北郡六戸町大字犬落瀬字坪毛沢地内, 散布地, 縄文時代, 土坑10, 溝状土坑34, 縄文土器, 石器, A part of the Heian Period settlement and grave area was detected. It is possible that iron and copper were produced from the excavated relics, with the majority of the remains before the Towada a volcanic ash and before the Mt. Baekdu ash fall – 狩場種別, 散布地, 弥生時代, 包含地, 集落, 平安時代, 竪穴建物15, 土坑28, 掘立柱建物1, 性格不明遺構3, 土師器, 須恵器, 羽口, 鉄製品, 鉄滓, 銅滓, 溝2, 焼土2, 硬化面1. “Chinese yam”, In China, it is stated that it was used for medicinal purposes when the Emperor Shennong was in 2000 BC, and it seems that it was cultivated from a very old age. The place of origin is said to be the Yunnan region in southern China, and it is thought that it gradually moved northward, spread from northern China to northeastern China and the Korean Peninsula, and then came to Japan. It belongs to the oldest category of cultivated crops, and is said to have been in the late Jomon period, before the cultivation of millet and upland rice in shifting cultivation began, and was also widely cultivated in Taiwan in the old days when it was brought from mainland China. It was. “Gankumijika”, It has a short neck and is plump, fair-skinned, sticky and has little lye. A trophy that is short, resistant to breakage, and more sticky than general long potatoes, and a cultivated mutation of Gankumijika. From the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries variety registration website: Dioscorea L. Application No. 5253 Date of Application 1992/04/07 Date of Publication of Application-Registration No. 4537 Date of Registration 1995/06/13; Duration of breeder’s right 15 years Extinction date of breeder’s right 2010/06/14 Period expired. 品種登録者, 簗場正, 青森県十和田市大字大沢田字北野, 登録品種育成者, 簗場正氏, 佐藤士郎氏. この品種は, 青森ながいも「ガンクミジカ」の突然変異個体から育成されたもので, 芋の径が太く, 長さがやや長い, 首のやや短いながいもである. 草勢は強, 分枝性はやや多, つるの巻性は右, 断面の形は丸, 色は暗赤紫である. 葉の形は長心臓, 大きさは中, 葉色は濃緑, 葉柄長はかなり短, 対生葉位はかなり低である. むかごの着生程度はやや少, 形状は球, 大きさはやや小, 色は褐である. 芋の外皮の色は褐, 形は紡錘, 芋の長さはやや長, 首部の長さはやや短, 肉色は白, 粗密は粗, 粘度は弱, 変色性はかなり弱, 早晩性はやや早である.「ガンクミジカ」と比較して, むかごの着生程度が少ないこと, 芋の形が紡錘であること, 芋の長さが短いこと, 芋の首の長さが短いこと等で区別性が認められるとある. The tuber, which are considered to be the best among Gankumijika, are selected and cultivated continuously, and are thick and long as a whole and have a short neck. 園試系 : A good variety selected and cultivated from the conventional line in Gonohe Town, Sannohe District, a variety called Garden Trial 6 and recognized as an improved variety called Aomori Short 8 (Sannohe Short 8) that is easy to make even in sandy areas. Do you know that in Japan, the shape of the group can be divided into the long potato group, the ginkgo group, and the tsukune group? Many of the long potatoes are cultivated in the Chubu cold regions, northern Tohoku and Hokkaido, the Ichoimo group is cultivated in the Kanto region, and the Tsukuneimo group is cultivated in the Kansai and Kinki regions. In 2015, Associate Professor Ayumu Yamamoto（Specialty: Molecular Biology, Research content: Research on genomic, Information maintenance mechanism Search and development of genome-protected foods: Main subjects (main course): Biochemistry, fermentation engineering, Main subjects (advanced courses): Biometabolic chemistry, introduction to biology）of the Materials and Biotechnology Course of Hachinohe National College of Technology conducted “Functional Analysis of Yamase Nagaimono” , Analysis items: Total sugar amount (glucose equivalent amount), protein amount, sugar content (concentration): Digestive enzyme (amylase) activity, composition comparison of water-soluble proteins. There is no difference between grated yam and frozen yam (product). Total sugar amount (Mg / mL) , Amount of protein (Mg / mL), Sugar content (%) , Misawa dioscorea opposita; For details, check the research site and materials. The period when yam cultivation began in Japan belongs to the oldest category of crops, and it is said that it was in the late Jomon period, before the cultivation of millet and upland rice in shifting cultivation began. It was also widely cultivated in Taiwan from mainland China in the old days, and it seems that it is also cultivated in the Hawaiian Islands by immigrants from Japan. In China, it is stated that it was used for medicinal purposes when the Emperor Shennong was in 2000 BC, and it seems that it was cultivated from a very old age. The place of origin is the Yunnan region in southern China, which is thought to have gradually moved northward, propagated from northern China to northeastern China and the Korean Peninsula, and then to Japan.
Ease of eating that is pure white like snow and has little lye. Crispy and light texture. The fresh scent including sweetness is unbearable. It is a native species of Aomori with such exceptionally high quality. Chinese yam boasts top-class production and seems to account for about 40% of domestic shipments. The main production areas are the southern regions located on the eastern side of the prefecture, such as Towada City, Misawa City, and Tohoku Town.
In order to cultivate it, it seems that soft soil is needed for the new yam to grow deep in the ground (about 1 m). Surface humus andosols are distributed throughout the production area. “Ganku” is a thin part with leaves, and it seems that the long potatoes from Aomori have this name because this part is short. Anniversary: Autumn digging harvested from November to December and spring digging harvested from March to April are customary.
The leaves turn red from the end of October and gradually start to die, and the harvest seems to start from the end of November to December. Large machines such as power shovels and trenchers are used for harvesting. The Chinese yam harvested during this period is called autmun digging yam. It seems that the whole amount is not dug in autumn and the rest is stored in the soil during the winter season without digging. It is left in the soil and rests for a certain period of time. Normally, plants sprout new shoots when they are in the soil, but it seems that they do not sprout because they mature in a low temperature environment and dormant in the soil. It has a dormant period of about 3 to 4 months, and it seems that it is harvested as a spring moat chinese yam before it sprouts.
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