長崎みかん
【種類】
Citrus unshiu (Swingle) Marcow.
【生産地】
長崎県
【名前の由来】
I heard that the word “Miccan” was coined to mean “Kanji / Koji”, which is sweet like honey, because the varieties introduced from China during the Muromachi period were sweeter than the citrus fruits that had been used until then. 1603 to 1604 Nippo Dictionary; Vocabulario da Lingoa de Iapam com a declaração em Portugues: Published in Nagasaki by the Jezus Society (Oxford University Library, Portuguese Ebola Public Library, French National Library, Brazilian Rio de Janeiro National Library) As it is written as miccan in “(confirmed storage in)”, it seems that it was pronounced miccan in the old days. This dictionary has 25,967 words in the main story and 6,831 words in the addendum when calculated using headwords. Excluding duplicates, the total number seems to be 32,293 words. As expected, this amount cannot hide the surprise in a short period of time.
【主な特徴】
The history of Nagasaki mandarin is that in 1780 (Tenmei era), the lord of the Omura domain, ‘Sumiyasu Omura’, introduced the Satsuma domain’s ”Nagashima mandarin” (Izumi District (former: Azuma Town) Nagashima-cho’s Wenshu mandarin) to Ikiriki Village. It is said that it was first cultivated by Mr. Yuiemon Tanaka, Mr. Rinemon Tanaka, and Mr. Tsuguemon Nakamichi (Chudo) (currently Tarami Town, Izumi District). “Egami Buntan” was born in Sasebo City, “Hirado Buntan” was born in Hirado City, and Citrus unshiu cultivation started in Ikiriki (Isahaya City) and Nagayo (Nagayo Town). Citrus Unshiu has heard that the seeds brought back from China by the envoy to Tang China began to bear fruit and were found in Kagoshima. It is said that “Ikiriki-based Citrus unshiu” has been cultivated from the “Ikiriki region” and has been cultivated, and saplings have been shipped nationwide. In 1876, mandarin oranges were sold by hand in the castle town. In addition, from around 1887, the production area of mandarin oranges was expanded in “Ikiriki Village”, and even today, the area is the main production area in Nagasaki Prefecture. From 1961 “Fruit Tree Agriculture Promotion Special Measures Law Enforcement (Cabinet Order No. 145)”, the Nagasaki Prefecture Citrus Promotion Plan was formulated, and the citrus cultivation area is rapidly increasing throughout the prefecture. Demand for fruit trees in Japan is generally declining and stagnant, and there is a growing tendency for small quantities to be sold as other items and for good quality. Many fruits, including mandarin oranges, are in overproduction. There are increasing demands from other countries to expand imports of fruits and fruit products. In order to achieve sound development, it is necessary to deal with the overproduction trend of fruits. Induce production that responds to trends. Fostering independent fruit tree farmers who can be the core players in the production area. And it is necessary to further strengthen the constitution of fruit tree agriculture. The system for promoting fruit tree agriculture was strengthened（Partial amendment of Law No. 15, July 1, 1985）. To the prefectural governor, the then Vice-Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries（After retiring, he will assume the post of chairman of the Norinchukin Bank.）. In 1974, the cultivated area of Satsuma mandarin reached 14,900 ha, and the production volume exceeded 200,000 tons. However, after peaking around this time, the cultivated area and production volume continued to decline, and after the liberalization of imports of orange fruits and fruit juice, the cultivated area as of 2013 was 3,300 ha and the production volume was 60,900 tons nationwide. It is the fifth largest production volume. In 1597, Nagasaki was the first onion to land in Japan by a Portuguese ship. The production of early-maturing onions is thriving, and it has a good reputation for its freshness and good taste. I hear that potato was introduced from Jakarta to nagasaki by a Dutch ship in 1598. It boasts the second largest production volume after Hokkaido, and Minamishimabara City is one of the leading production areas in the prefecture. Cultivation started in earnest in the Meiji era, and now it is cultivated based on two crops, spring and autumn, taking advantage of the warm climate. Asparagus officinalis was introduced to Nagasaki as ornamental from the Netherlands during the Edo period. There are spring and summer seasons, and spring asparagus grows slowly over time, so it has a strong sweetness and is rich in minerals and especially vitamin C. Summer asparagus has a beautiful light green color because it grows at a stretch due to the blessings of the daytime sun, and it is soft to the vicinity of the root. I hear that the bright red tomatoes were introduced to Nagasaki from the Netherlands at the end of the 17th century”. City jurisdiction, Kuidetsu, Takematsuhonmachi, Ozato Town, Matsubarahonmachi. City designated historic site : Ozato-伝 Mr. Doi Suzuta’s Tomb, Conflict with ‘SUMIYASU Omura’ : Master-Slave Relationship. Citrus varieties born in Nagasaki Prefecture: “Wase Haraguchi” was discovered in 1969 (Showa 44) by Seiji Haraguchi of Nishisonogi Town, Nishisonogi District, Nagasaki Prefecture (currently Saikai City) as a sport of “Wase Miyagawa” in his own garden. NS. (Close to Haraguchi Mikan: Coral reef: Limestone: Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) calcite and aragonite) It is said that it was formed by uplifting from the seabed about 30 million years ago. “Tsugama Limestone Cave” : (Designated as a national natural memorial in 1936.) The group has completely different characteristics from other limestone cave due to its material and new generation age, and the world But it is rare. (Our ancestors: Mandarin was born about 3 million years ago. There are historical theories about primates, 70 million years BC, and human beings 5 million years ago … Mysterious romance.) “Wase Miyagawa Satsuma Mandarin” is believed to have occurred around 1909 (Meiji 42) as a branch of the traditional (ordinary) Citrus unshiu planted in the residence of Kenkichi Miyagawa in Yanagikawa City, Fukuoka Prefecture. From 1923 (Taisho 12) Dr. Chozaburo Tanaka (1885 (Meiji 18) -(Showa 51) 1976) (A Monograph of the Satsuma Orange) Taipei Imperial University, 1932 (Showa) 7)) (“Citrus Research, Vol. 16” 1927 (Showa 2) Yokendo (published in 1933 (Showa 8)) after a detailed investigation, and since it was named, it has been expanded. It is a nationally well-known representative variety of early-maturing Citrus unshiu and ordinary Citrus unshiu. The tree vigor is strong, it tends to be fertile and easy to grow. It has a rich taste and is considered to be the most suitable as a new species for institutionalization. The characteristics of “Haraguchi” mandarin, which is a representative of early-maturing varieties in Nagasaki Prefecture, are large, soft and sweet. Products that form the basis of various researches, such as soil improvement methods using red soil and special sand using the technique of covering with white sheets, and homemade fertilizers devised by our own theory (cultivation manager: Mr. Haraguchi). From the (love for people) Philanthropic spirit (Philanthropy) by Yuen. The “Wase Haraguchi” mandarin orange is a log that only about 30 exist in the Haraguchi Orchard (Saikai City). It is said that only “Son Mikan” is a seedling that is divided into stocks. “Wase Iwasaki Satsuma Mandarin”, 1968, Mr. Denichi Iwasaki of Nakaura Nango (currently Saikai City), Saikai Town, Nishisonogi District, Nagasaki Prefecture, was discovered as a sport of “Wase Okitsu Satsuma Mandarin” in the field. It is an early-maturing variety. The Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Seedling Law has not yet been confirmed. In the field of Mr. Tsugio Ozaki of “Sasebo Unshu Citrus”, Sasebo City, Nagasaki Prefecture, a branch change was confirmed from a 15-year-old tree of “Wase Miyagawa Satsuma Mandarin”, and it was discovered in 1975 (Showa 50). In 1993 (Heisei 5), at the Nagasaki Fruit Tree Experiment Station, virus-free: Once infected, plants cannot be excluded from immunity and cannot escape the virus for the rest of their lives.) Was carried out, and in 1998 (Heisei 10), the sale of seedlings to the mikan production area in Nagasaki Prefecture became popular. The harvest season is expected from late November to early December, and it is a mesophyll system that is about 10 days later than “Wase Miyagawa Satsuma Mandarin”. “Shiranuhi Orange: Sumo Mandarin”, You have to give a lot of nutrition, and you need to irrigate and fertilize well when the flowers bloom and become young. Born in 1972 in Minamishimabara (Kuchinotsu), Nagasaki. It is famous as a fruit born by crossing “Kiyomi Orange（Citrus unshiu × Sinensis）” and “Ponkan Citrus（Nakano No. 3: Citrus reticulata var poonensis (Hayata) H.H. Hu）”. After ripening well on the tree, store for half a month to a month. It seems that the sourness will be removed and the sweetness will increase. Cultivation of Citrus Unshiu, which uses less water to increase sugar content, requires a slightly different cultivation method. The process by which green plants turn carbon dioxide and water into food using energy obtained from light from the sun; The process plants use to take the energy from sunlight and use it to convert carbon dioxide and water into food- Photosynthesis. “Amakusa（Kumamoto Prefecture）” Crossing combination, old strain name (Kiyomi Oranges× Wase Okitsu Satsuma Mandarin) – No. 14 Satsuma Mandarin × Page Orange. The old strain name is Citrus Kuchinotsu No. 16 and the crossing year is 1982. The registration number and registration date of Tangor Norin No. 5 as a certified variety (former: named registered variety) is 1993 (July 1, 1993). The variety registration date is 1995 (August 17, 1995), and the variety registration number is No. 4596. “Setoka Oranges”, It is famous as a tangor that was bred by crossing “Murcott” with kiyomi with Angkor No. 2 of the breeding system. A small-nucleus variety with large fruits, soft and juicy, aroma, high sugar content and good taste. Middle-aged Citrus L. matures from January to February. The fruit surface is smooth, the fruit shape is oblate with a high waist, and the skin is orange to dark orange. Thin, easy to peel, with a medium aroma similar to Angkor or Murcott. The flesh is dark orange, the sac is thin, the flesh is soft and juicy, and the number of seeds tends to be small, about 0-5. And it seems that parthenocarpy（Ovary wall and flower bed enlarge and form fruit without fertilization）is strong. The fruiting is good and it is easy to get results every year. Strong tendency to streptomyces spp. , Xanthomonas campestris pv. citri. It is Susceptibility against citrus tristeza virus (ctv), and the incidence of stem pitting（Easily propagated by Toxoptera citricida Kirkaldy（ミカンクロアブラムシ）, and also propagated by cotton aphids at a low rate）is high. Since one ball is heavy, it is necessary to manually support it so that the branches do not break due to its own weight as it grows. Application No. 10852 Date of application 1998/04/09 Date of publication of application 1999/03/18. Registration number 9398 Registration date 2001/10/18. Plant Variety Protection and Seed Act, Act No. 83 of May 29, 1998: 25 years of breeder’s rights; National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, NARO. Unique sweetness, chewy texture, and wonderful fragrance. I have introduced several types, but I will trace the history in the near past. In the Meiji era, citrus cultivation became popular with Ikiriki, and it seems that there is a record that it started exporting Satsuma mandarin to Vladivostok. In 1900, he started a citrus cultivation test at the Nagasaki Prefectural Agricultural Experiment Station and started to support the production area. The Fruit Tree Research Division (Isahaya City) of the Nagasaki Prefectural Agriculture and Forestry Technology Development Center has been developing and nurturing the first new variety of “Satsuma mandarin” in the prefecture after about 15 years and research results from 2000 (Heisei 12). The long-awaited “Nagasaki Kaken Sasebo No. 1 Mandarin” has been trained. Based on the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Variety Registration and Seedling Law, application for registration was made in 2013, and Nagasaki City, Nagasaki Prefecture was registered in 2015. Greenhouse oranges April-September-Goku-Wase September-November-Nakate from late November to mid-December-Normal / Okute December-March Mandarin oranges with leaves December (Ripe mandarin oranges because they are harvested late). It is good to store at a temperature of 3 to 7 degrees and a humidity of about 85%. Also, open the cardboard box, reduce the fruit to less than half, and leave it in a well-ventilated place. Wase / Nakate seeds are prone to putrefaction, so it seems better to eat them early. Also, if you store it with the hand-held part on the cardboard box facing down, it tends to last longer. City designated memorial : Matsubarahonmachi-Shaso at Matsubara Hachiman Shrine Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J.Presl, The 15th Emperor Ojin; 品陀和気命, 大物主神-Mt. Miwa in Sakurai City, Nara Prefecture ; （Koshinto）, There are some shrines even today, such as Omiwa-jinja Shrine, which enshrines Mt. Miwa in Nara Prefecture, that regard mountains themselves as the kami’s Shintai or Yorishiro (an object capable of attracting kami). Assuming from the high possibility of large kofun (tumulus) being a tomb of leader (great king) of the time by the chronological order of kofun and others, the following kofun tumulus show there was a sovereignty in this region (present day Sakurai City and Tenri City): Yamato-kofun Tumulus Clusters and Yanagimoto Otsuka Tumulus built at the foot of the Mt. Miwa, in the southeast of Nara basin in the early Kofun period (from about the middle of the third century to the early fourth century), and large scattered kofun with the hill length of 300 meters to 200 meters such as Shibutani Mukoyama-kofun Tumulus (identified as a mausoleum of Emperor Keiko), Hashihaka-kofun Tumulus (surmised by some researchers to be a grave of Himiko: There is a theory that Unabi Hime no Mikoto, the sixth-generation Hikohoakari mentioned in A Family Tree of the Amabe Family（A shrine house of ‘Kono Shrine’ located in Miyazu City, Kyoto Prefecture. ‘籠名神社祝部氏係図’ with ‘籠名神宮祝部丹波国造海部直等氏之本記’ : Designated as an important cultural property in June 1975 and a national treasure in June 1976.）, was Himiko. ), Andonyama-kofun Tumulus (identified as a mausoleum of Emperor Sujin), Mesuriyama-kofun Tumulus, and Nishitonotsuka-kofun Tumulus (identified as the grave of Tashiraka no Himemiko）.
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