【製品名（商品名）】
山茶茸
【種類】
Flammulina velutipes
【生産地】
長野県中野市（JA中野市, JA全農長野）
【名前の由来】
It was named because it grows on celtis trees and old roots. (Dead trunks of broad-leaved trees and mushrooms of wood-rotting fungi that grow on stumps.) It seems that it was made by the original crossing of wild enoki mushrooms and cultivated white enoki mushrooms. Sancha is a green tea tree that grows naturally in the mountains and is the Chinese name for camellia. “Yamcha” is a green tea made from tea trees cultivated by farmers for their own use.
【主な特徴】
Nakano City formulated the Biomass（It is a concept that expresses the amount (mass) of biological resources (bio), which is a renewable, biologically-derived organic resource excluding fossil resources. It is an organic substance produced by photosynthesis from water and carbon dioxide using solar energy, and is a sustainable and renewable resource as long as there is life and solar energy in our life cycle. Petroleum and other fossil resources are depleted when mined underground, but plants seem to be able to sustainably produce biomass with the sun, water and carbon dioxide. Unlike carbon dioxide emitted by burning fossil resources, carbon dioxide released when burned is carbon dioxide absorbed from the atmosphere by photosynthesis during the growth process of living organisms, so carbon dioxide is newly increased in the atmosphere. It is said to be a “carbon-neutral” resource that does not allow it. Classified into waste biomass（Livestock excrement, food waste, waste paper, black liquor (pulp factory effluent), sewage sludge, urine sludge, construction-generated wood, lumber factory, etc.）, unused biomass（Rice straw, straw, rice husk, forest residue）, and resource crops according to their endowment status（Sugar resources (sugar cane, etc.), starch resources (corn, etc.), fat resources (rapeseed, etc.), willow, poplar, switchgrass）. It is required to convert and utilize useful products and energy by the technology suitable in the region. Characteristically, fossil resources such as oil are difficult to reuse once they are used, whereas biomass is a renewable resource, and fossil resources are carbon dioxide that causes global warming due to combustion and the like. While it emits carbon (CO2), it is carbon-neutral.）Town concept in 2009, launched the promotion council in 2010, and seems to have made a substantial start. It seems that the budget could not be budgeted in 2011 due to the policy change of the country (government). After that, a new support system by the government started in 2013, and in 2015, the biomass industrial city concept was formulated, but unfortunately, I heard that the country was not selected. After that, it was reviewed and selected in the open call for participants in 2019. In addition, this project is being promoted by the Cabinet Office, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, and seven other related ministries. In addition, we expect great results by gathering public wisdom as a major project through industry-academia-government collaboration. A biomass industry city is an integrated system that secures economic efficiency from collection / transportation, manufacturing, and utilization, using biomass existing in the region as a raw material, and creates an industry that utilizes the biomass of the region and energy for regional circulation. An area that aims to create an environment-friendly and disaster-resistant town centered on the biomass industry that makes the most of the characteristics of the region by strengthening the area. Nagano Prefecture, which started artificial cultivation of enokitake mushrooms using glass bottles in the early Showa era, is now the number one producer of enokitake mushrooms, shimeji mushrooms, and king trumpet mushrooms. The main production area is Nakano City, and of JA Nakano City’s agricultural product sales of 26.8 billion yen last year, 20.9 billion yen is mushrooms. Among them, enokitake mushrooms account for about 50,000 tons, which accounts for nearly 40% of the national production. It seems that they have been working on the production of enokitake mushrooms throughout the region while introducing new production technology in order to produce cash crops in winter instead of migrant workers. The production process of enokitake can be roughly divided into mycelial culture for culturing bacteria and production control for growing enokitake itself from there, but it seems that a division of labor system has been established in the jurisdiction to pursue efficiency and quality improvement. The inoculum seems to have been jointly developed by JA Nakano City and the Nagano Prefectural Rural Industrial Research Institute. The inoculum center propagates this, selects excellent ones, sends them to the culture center, inoculates them in bottles filled with medium, and hands them to the producers. It is said that productivity has improved dramatically by dividing the difficult culture work that was once done by producers. In addition, the introduction of the liquid inoculation method in 2008 made it possible to shorten the culture period by about 5 days, and the medium used to be sawdust and rice bran, but by using corn core (corn cob) as well. , It seems that the yield could be greatly increased. In addition, a large-scale producer group in the city has set up corporations to grow Bunashimeji mushrooms and King trumpet mushrooms, respectively. I really want to pay attention. “Yamacha mushroom” is the original species of enokitake mushroom, which has good taste, texture and aroma and is also called “brown mushroom” or “brown mushroom”. It seems that it has been attracting attention recently because it has a stronger sweetness and a better texture than the white enokitake mushrooms that you often see. Also, the impression is that the texture is crisper than the white enoki mushrooms that are commonly seen. A big feature is that it has a long shelf life. You can keep it fresh for a few days in the refrigerator. It contains three times as many amino acids as white enoki mushrooms, and especially essential amino acids (10 important amino acids that are indispensable to the human body. If even one is missing, it may cause serious nutritional disorders). It seems that many are included. Amino acids have been proven to be highly effective against antihypertension and diabetes. In 2003, published in Mushroom science and biotechnology, Vol. 11, No. 4. According to the research results at Toyama Forestry and Forest Products Research Center, Forest Experiment Station and Toyama food institute, the effects of bean paste as a medium base material on fruiting body yield and fruiting body components were investigated in the cultivation of enokitake mushroom beds. When the sugioga powder was replaced with bean paste, the fruiting body yield was constant and increased by about 10% when the replacement ratio was 50% or more. The replacement rate was 60%, which was the highest, and increased by about 20%. By doing so, the fruiting body yield was higher than that of Sugioga flour and rice bran medium, and it was suggested that Ezomatsuoga flour could be a useful medium base material by mixing with bean paste. By substituting with bean paste, the enokitake fruiting bodies tended to decrease the content of crude protein and crude fat, and increase the content of free sugar / sugar alcohol, organic acid, and free amino acid. In particular, arabinitol, glycerol, The contents of alanin and glycine increased. It seems that it was speculated that the sweetness of the fruiting body of Enokitake mushrooms was expressed by the increase of these components. Nagano Prefecture’s agriculture boasts a high first-class rice ratio with the highest yield of rice in Japan due to the advanced technology and diligence of farmers, and the core garden crops are lettuce, apples, etc. A variety of high-quality items are produced in a well-balanced manner, including items with the highest market share in Japan such as “grapes”, carnations, and Enoki mushroom. The Nagano Prefectural Agricultural Experiment Station is said to be conducting experimental research to solve problems in agriculture and fisheries, centered on six experimental sites（Agricultural Experiment Station（Ogawara, Suzaka）, Fruit Tree Experiment Station（Ogawara, Suzaka）, Vegetable Flower Experiment Station（Soga, Shiojiri）, Livestock Experiment Station（Kataoka, Shiojiri）, Nanshin Agricultural Experiment Station（Shimoichida, Takamori, Shimoina）, Fishery Experiment Station（Akashinanakagawate, Azumino）.）in the prefecture. The new “Nakano City”, which was created by the merger of Nakano City and Toyota Village on April 1, 2005, is located in the northeastern part of Nagano Prefecture. Two iconic mountains, Mt. Kosha (1351.5 m) to the northeast and Mt. Madarao (1381.8 m) to the northwest, are located across the Chikuma River, which runs through the center of the city. Villages are formed on the river terraces created by the Chikuma River and the alluvial fan formed by the Yomase River, and the urban area extends over the Nakano alluvial fan. Mt. Kosha is a beautiful mountain that rises independently, and is known as “Takayashiro”, and has been the object of worship since ancient times. At the foot of the river, the Yomase River forms a “Jusan cliff（It is a natural monument with the name of a historic site that has been designated by the national government as the “13 cliffs of Chogenbo breeding ground” (designated on November 14, 1953). It is a cliff formed by the Yomase River, which is a tributary of the Chikuma River, eroding the alluvial fan where the volcanic rocks of Mt. Kosha were carried and deposited by rivers and landslides. It seems that the Yomase River used to flow on the southwest side of Nakano City, but it is said that the flow moved to the north side due to the flood in 1406, and it became a position close to the present. The vertical cliff surface is maintained because the cliff surface was repeatedly eroded by the Yomase River. I heard that the cliff extends from northwest to southeast for about 1,500 m and maintains a height of 30 m or more in the central part. Rookery has been recorded in Spain, Germany, Japan, Norway, Russia, etc., but I heard that Japan has the most records. Rookery takes place in cliffs and holes in buildings, but the number of nests varies from two to 28. In Japan, cliff rookery has been discovered in Nagano and Yamanashi prefectures since around 1950. However, it seems that the number of pairs has decreased in these rookeries, and there are many rookeries that have disappeared. Among them, the breeding ground was designated as a national natural monument in 1953, and is famous as a rookery on a rare cliff in the world, which continues to breed even now.）” and flows north, pouring into the Chikuma River. To the south of the Nakano alluvial fan is the lowland off Entoku, which is further connected to Zenkojidaira in the southwest. In addition, Mt. Madarao consists of five ridges that look like spread palms, with four valleys and many swamps between them, and the terrain is rugged and complex. It joins the Madarao River and pours into the Chikuma River. To the east, Joshinetsu Kogen National Park Shiga Kogen is desired, and to the west, it is said that it is blessed with a scenic view of Hokushin Gogaku（Nasu Godake-Mt. Chausu, Mt. Asahi, Mt. Sanbonyaridake, Mt. Minamigassan, Mt. Kurooya. Echizen Godake-Mt. Haku, Mt. Hino, Mt. Monju, Mt. Ochi, Mt. Yoshinogadake. “Hokushin Gogaku-Mt. Iizuna, Mt. Togaku, Mt. Kurohime, Mt. Myoko, Mt. Madarao.” Mt. Aso-Mt. Neko, Mt. Takaoka, Mt. Nakadake, Mt. Eboshi, Mt. Kishima）.
Brown enokitake mushrooms called wild tea mushrooms, kaki no ki mushrooms, and green tea enokitake mushrooms, which are closer to the original species of enokitake mushrooms, have also been commercialized is wonderful.
I’ve heard that it’s a hybrid of wild enokitake mushrooms. Impression that it is brownish and crunchy compared to ordinary enokitake. It seems that it is also called mountain enokitake. When exposed to sunlight, the original color of enokitake mushrooms appears. It seems that the full-bodied flavor increases when exposed to natural light and sunlight.
I heard that enokitake mushroom cultivation began around 1957 in Nakano City, Nagano Prefecture. It seems to have spread among farmers as a side business during the off-season in winter. After that, the number of specialized producers increased, and it developed into facility production. It seems that the quality and production volume have been improved by improving technology and varieties over many years, and by building a division of labor system between agricultural cooperatives and producers. In recent years, the yield has increased significantly due to the enlargement of cultivation facilities and the introduction of the latest technology, supporting our food. Good ingredients tend to be popular, but I hope that the value will increase more and more.
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