Agricultural Improvement（農業向上）

紅高系

【種類】

Ipomoea batatas L. Lam.

【生産地】

Shinohara Town, Nishi Ward, Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka Prefecture.（JAとぴあ浜松, JA静岡経済連）

【名前の由来】

It seems that the skin of Kokei No. 14 sweet potato was named after the red one.

【主な特徴】

From the producers, we are cultivating white onions, yellow onions, and early red onions using multi-coating materials, and the producers themselves are actively interviewed by each media to promote consumption. Even for vegetables that are put in and the sales amount is small, we are working on cultivation by organizing a group for each item under the vegetable council of producers. We will focus on future goals of production areas, measures to secure bearers, utilization of non-standard products, product differentiation and sales promotion, and efforts for renewable energy and energy saving. The onions in the jurisdiction are cultivated in the sandy area facing the coast, so they are characterized by their high moisture content, low spiciness, and strong sweetness. Currently, the prices of onions, which are indispensable for dining due to unseasonable weather, continue to rise. The national average retail price announced by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries on May 24, 2022 is 2.2 times the average value for the past five years. The average retail price has been around 1.6 times the normal price from the end of last year to the middle of March, but it has more than doubled in the end of April. According to the "Food Price Trend Survey" released by the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries on May 24, the retail price of onions on the 16th to 18th is 550 yen per kilo, which is 2.21 times higher than normal. Wholesale prices are even more serious. The wholesale price of the Tokyo market soared more than four times the normal price at the end of April. Even at the moment, it has changed two to three times. Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka Prefecture, The ward consists of 7 districts in the southeast (Shirawaki, Shinzu, Iida, Hogawa, Kawawa, Goto, Kami). An area of 46.84 km2, which is about 3% of the total area of Hamamatsu City. The area with many foreigner citizens and the highest proportion of the ward population in the city's 7 wards. A spectacular spot with the Tenryu River in the east and the Enshunada in the south. Rivers such as the Anma River, Magome River, and Hogawa River, and the Nakatajima Sand Dunes（Modeling of sand carried by the wind “Wind ripple” : You can feel loggerhead turtles, various wild birds, and communities of beach plants.）facing the Enshu Nada shine.etc. People who should live are blessed with an environment where they can get close to nature. In agriculture, “Allium chinense'shallet” is cultivated in the sand, and it is also famous for producing ‘onions’, sweet potatoes, and paddy rice. In recent years, idle farmland has begun to stand out due to the aging of farmers and the shortage of successors. As a community building, efforts are being made to utilize it as a civic farm or a hands-on farm. On the industrial side, there are many factories such as industrial parks and transportation equipment in Tsurumi and Terawaki Town. Active businesses on various scales, from large companies to small and medium-sized companies, such as manufacturing-related and transportation-related. Rich nature and lively industry are in harmony, and the southern part of the area faces Enshunada. It seems that there is concern about Tsunami hazard in the coastal area. It is said that Nankai Trough earthquake（Nankai megathrust earthquake: Currently, imminent disasters such as massive earthquake in the Nankai Trough and Tokyo Inland Earthquake are pointed out. In a massive earthquake in the Nankai Trough, which has a high probability of occurring, the ultra-high-rise buildings in the Tokyo metropolitan area and other major cities could experience long-period ground motion that cause the buildings to slowly sway by a large amount over a long period of time; Nankai megathrust earthquake: The probability that a great earthquake of M（Charles Francis Richter: ML; magnitude. If it increases by 1, the energy of the earthquake will increase 32 times.）8-9 will occur in the future 30 years is expected to be 70-80%. 1944 (40 km: off Kumano-Nada), Showa Tonankai Earthquake and 1946 (24 km: off Kii Peninsula), Showa Nankai Earthquake: Since the Great East Japan Earthquake of 2011, the risk of the occurrence of giant earthquakes has been widely recognized in Japan. The government revised its damage estimates for events such as a Nankai Trough Earthquake and a Tokyo Inland Earthquake. However, during the current State of emergency, we have to think about how to respond.It is certain that the probability is increasing year by year. It's better to have an evacuation site and no disaster for the time being. What I mean is that action viewed in terms of participation live, exist. The distribution of ‘Agricultural Products’ is delayed. It takes time for the route of goods to be restored, which hinders people's lives. Do you understand what I mean? Overbold asks people around him, including himself.）is likely to occur in the near future. Disaster prevention measures are well known as the most important issue in community development. Strengthen the Disaster prevention system and promote education for Disaster prevention in order to protect the safety and security of local residents. Former Shizuoka Prefecture Fuchi District and Hamana District Shinohara Village: Refers to the current Shinohara Town, Tsuboi Town, and Magoori Town, Nishi Ward, Hamamatsu City, and is a district that is developing as a residential area near Enshu-nada. On April 1, 1889, due to the enforcement of the town and village system, Shinowara Village in Fuchi District, Ma County Village, and Tsuboi Village merged to form Shinowara Village. On April 1, 1896, he belonged to Hamana District due to the integration of the counties. It was incorporated into Hamamatsu City on June 20, 1961. Nishi Ward is composed of 8 districts (Irino, Shinohara, Shonai, Waji, Isami, Kakuro, Maisaka, Yuto) and has a population of about 110,000, which is the third largest after Naka Ward and Higashi Ward. It occupies about 14% of the total population of the city and has an area of 114.71 km2, which occupies about 7% of the total area of the city and is the third largest in the city. In Nishi Ward, there are major transportation facilities such as Tokaido Main Line, National Highway No. 1, and Tomei Expressway Hamamatsu Nishi Interchange, and it can be said that it is the western entrance of Hamamatsu City. Also, in the last few years, commercial agglomeration has remarkably progressed mainly in the Shitoro and Horidemae districts, and it is said that the town has become lively and lively. Nishi Ward, located on the east side of Lake Hamana, is blessed with scenic spots such as Kanzanji hot spring and Bentenjima hot spring, and has abundant tourist recreation facilities such as a zoo, a flower park, and Hamanako Garden Park, and the agriculture and fisheries are thriving. Onions in the Shinohara area, gerberas in the Shonai area, and celery in the Kakuro area are among the leading production areas in Japan. In addition, Whitebait, Japanese pufferfish, and eels from Lake Hamana, which are landed at Maisaka Fishing Port, are also famous as national brands. In this way, it can be said that the area is expected to continue to develop due to its distinctive industries, blessed major transportation facilities, and comfortable living environment. By the way, I'm the producer Suzuki's surname, but I'm interested, so I'll tell you as far as I've investigated. Shigeie SUZUKI, a military commander in Kumano (Kainan City, Wakayama Prefecture), the birthplace of the warlord, went missing on his way to Oshu to help Yoshitsune, who was chased by Minamoto no Yoritomo. His wife travels with her son in search of her husband, but she hears news that her husband has been harassed at Hashimotojuku (now Arai Town, Kosai City). Also, when I was at a loss, I received warm hospitality from the people and stayed as it was. It is said that it was around the Gongen area that the descendants eventually moved and took root. According to the cultural magazine of the local community center, it is thought that most people in Shinohara Town, including the Gongen area, chose Suzuki's surname when the surnames of the common people became mandatory in the Meiji era. The Suzuki rate in Hamamatsu City seems to reach 80% in the Gongen district, 30% in Shinohara Town, and 7% in the city as a whole. The Gongen area has nothing to do with redevelopment after the war, and old houses and cityscapes still remain, but there is no doubt that the climate and humanity of Enshu and the coziness that people can easily stay in are behind the high rate of Suzuki. Sweet potatoes are a crop that has been cultivated in Hamamatsu City for a long time and are usually shipped from September to November, but in Hamamatsu, they are shipped from early July to August using the sandy soil with high soil temperature. It is widely known as a production center for “early digging sweet potatoes”. The varieties mainly cultivated in Hamamatsu are called "Beni Ko（kei）type sweet potato", which is characterized by a moist texture. Around 1955, Koji (Mitsuji) SUZUKI, the former head of the Shinohara Village Agricultural Cooperative, said in Osaka. I heard that it started from Kochi prefecture through the sales mediation office of. After that, “Beni Azuma sweet potato” with a soft texture was introduced, and these sweet potatoes are produced in the area along the Enshu Nada centering on the Shinohara area. Beni Kokei sweet potato: A variety derived from Kokei No. 14 sweet potato, a brother of Naruto Kintoki. The vivid pink with a purple tinge shines. The flesh is golden, has a high sugar content, and is sticky, making it ideal for grilled potatoes. It has excellent storability and is very tasty. Kokei 14 sweet potato: In 1945, it was selected and named as an early digging variety at the Agricultural Experiment Station in Kochi Prefecture. “Kotobuki sweet potato” in Miyazaki Prefecture is this variety. Chozuru Kokei No. 14 sweet potato and Beni Kokei sweet potato are known as bud mutant lines. The cultivated area in 1995 was about 10,000 ha. What is called Naruto Kintoki sweet potato in Tokushima Prefecture is a high-grade No. 14 sweet potato bud mutant strain. It is very popular for fruits and vegetables, and it seems that it had a cultivated area of 25,000 ha at its peak. Morphological characteristics: Exodermis crimson, long spindle shape, very good taste in early digging. Ecological characteristics: Sprouting is not very good. Pest resistance: black spot; weak against Ceratocystis fimbriata, Meloidogyne, but strong against Southern root-knot nematode; Meloidogyne incognita. It has excellent early hypertrophy and is shipped from an early stage by poly mulch and tunnel cultivation. It is suitable for warm coastal sandy loam lands and diluvial uplands with light soil, and is widely cultivated from southern Kyushu to the Kanto region. On July 1, 2021, JA Topia Hamamatsu held a sweet potato lineup at six collection points in Nishi Ward and Minami Ward, Hamamatsu City. At the JA Shinohara Fudagi Mae Collection Center (Shinohara Town, Nishi Ward, Hamamatsu City), 24 people including producers and JA staff attended. In other production areas, the harvest of kansho often begins in August, but in the JA jurisdiction, taking advantage of the warm climate and the sandy areas where the soil temperature tends to rise, which is peculiar to the coastal areas, it is called “Beni Kokei sweet potato” from July to August every year. Harvest and ship “Beni Azuma sweet potato”. It is said that “Beni Kokei sweet potato“ accounts for about 80% of the shipment volume. This year, it started raining earlier than usual, but it has been reported that it has grown steadily with moderate rainfall and sunshine hours, and that high-quality kansho with bright reddish-purple hues is growing. I mentioned earlier that the main production areas are the Nishi Ward and Minami Ward of the city, which have well-drained and well-ventilated sandy areas. In addition, it seems that the producers at each venue in both wards have confirmed the shipping standard for producing fruits that are bright reddish purple and have few irregularities. The JA seems to plan to ship 52,000 cases (5 kg per case) to markets in the prefecture, Kanto, and Hokuriku regions. Underground temperatures are high in sandy fields, and sweet potatoes grow quickly. It is also called “early digging sweet potato” because it goes on the market ahead of other production areas. Blessed with moderate rainfall and sunshine this year, it grows steadily. It is said that you can enjoy the chewy texture and sweetness. However, sweet potatoes became a problem in the 1970s due to the deterioration of quality caused by viruses. Therefore, at the “Hamamatsu City Agricultural Biocenter” opened in 1992, we worked on the supply of “virus-free seedlings” without virus infection, and further improved the quality, which is still highly evaluated nationwide. Beautiful colors and shapes of sweet potatoes are produced and shipped. Seedlings made by culturing cells such as the top buds of sweet potatoes. Since the seedlings are cultivated in an aseptic state from the virus-free part, seedlings that are not infected with virus disease can be surely produced. Since it costs more to make seedlings than ordinary seedlings, the price will be higher accordingly. However, since it is easy to exert the original power of sweet potatoes, there is no doubt that it grows vigorously and it is easy to remove large potatoes. However, after planting in the field, it may be infected with the virus by aphids, etc（Admire granules, etc.）., so it is good to control it. History: The first motivation for culturing the shoot apex to produce virus-free seedlings was in 1943 in Dr. White, USA, where he rooted tobacco mosaic virus-infected tobacco. Reported that the virus did not appear to be present. After that, it was Dr. Morrell et al. Of France in 1952 who actually produced virus-free seedlings, and they cut out the growth points of dahlia infected with the dahlia mosaic virus (Chrysanthemum stunt viroid (CSVd)) and cultured them. We also produced seedlings with no mosaic symptoms. Inspired by the research by Dr. Morel et al., From the latter half of 1950 to 1960, virus-free attempts were made one after another in many crops that were suffering from virus infection. The information will be immediately passed on to Hirokazu (Kanichi) MORI of the Agricultural Experiment Station. It was done by Etsuji HAMAYA of the Mori Laboratory (Science of palm liquor-from Cocoyashi to Shuro, “Ceylon Island Magazine (Toyo Bunko)”, which explores the mystery of mysterious sap). In Japan, the pathology laboratory group of the Agricultural Experiment Station (at that time) tackled this problem and established a virus-free seedling production technology by shoot apex culture using sweet potatoes, potatoes, strawberries, carnations, chrysanthemum, etc. between 1957 and 1969. This result became the core of the subsequent virus-free seedling production. Then For vegetables, taro vegetables Proving Ground (1975-1979), yam, shallot, garlic, strawberries, working on the development of practical virus-free seedling production technology with welsh onion without knowing the shaven, etc., that is the results of the time even now It is utilized. However, even if a plant suffers from a viral disease, effective pesticides to cure it have not yet been developed, and it is a very troublesome disease in which the only way to prevent the spread of the viral disease is to extract the strain that has the virus disease at an early stage. Fortunately, plant viruses do not invade seeds, with special exceptions, so seed-breeding crops (generally sold as seeds) are cleared of the virus by passing through seeds (changing generations). However, some crops are difficult to produce seeds (many potatoes, garlic, scallions, etc.), and even if they can be produced, the properties of the varieties change with seeds because they are not genetically fixed (many fruit trees, etc.). There seems to be strawberries, carnations, chrysanthemums, etc.). These have been vegetatively propagated for many years (not from seeds but from potatoes, strains, seedlings), so that there are no individuals that are not infected with the virus, and the varieties deteriorate and even the origin disappears. There is no doubt that removing the virus from the crop was an important task. Sweet potatoes usually do not make seedlings from seeds, but plant potatoes (parent potatoes) in the soil and use the buds that grow from them as seedlings. When the buds from the parent potatoes reach a certain length, cut the vines and plant them in the field as seedlings. The vines that grow from normal and healthy parent potatoes tend to grow into healthy seedlings because they absorb sufficient nutrients from the parent potatoes. Healthy seedlings grow well even when planted in the field and take root firmly. As the growth progresses, the roots grow larger and a lot of healthy potatoes can be harvested. Even if the potatoes grow well, if they continue to be produced as seedlings for many generations, some potatoes will get sick (virus). The vines that grow from such sick potatoes are infected with the sickness of the parent potatoes and also get sick. The sick seedlings are not healthy and do not grow well. The number of potatoes that can be harvested is also poor in color and the number of potatoes that can be harvested tends to be smaller than that of normal seedlings. In the human world, when you get the flu virus, you make antibodies and heal yourself. However, plants do not have such a function, and once they get sick, they cannot cure the disease by themselves. In plants such as sweet potatoes that increase with potatoes, the disease is passed on to the next generation. Review: If a crop becomes viral, its quality and yield will decline, and in severe cases it will die. In the case of vegetatively propagating crops, the virus is passed on to the next generation. Removing the virus from the diseased plant is called virus-free, and the removed plant is called virus-free. Since there is no effective therapeutic agent for the virus disease, biotechnology or the like is used. The first virus-free production was by Dr. Morel, France, in 1952, culturing the growth points of mosaic-symptomatic dahlia to produce asymptomatic dahlia. Since then, it has been carried out all over the world from the latter half of the 1950s to the 1970s, and virus-free strains (virus-free seedlings) were produced in various crops. In Japan, it was first tackled by Hamaya et al., And succeeded in virus-free (virus detoxification) of sweet potatoes, strawberries, etc. in the 1960s. Virus-free technology includes shoot apex culture method, callus culture method, heat treatment method, dry heat disinfection method and the like. In the shoot apex culture method, a tissue having a tip of about 0.2 to 0.5 mm at the tip of the plant growth point is aseptically cut out and tissue culture is performed to form a plant body. There are various theories about the virus-free mechanism of shoot apex culture, such as the rate of cell division at the growth point is faster than the rate of virus translocation between cells. The “callus culture method” is a method in which a diseased plant tissue is induced into callus and redifferentiated from the callus to form a plant body, which is similar to the shoot apex culture method. You can visibly get virus-free. These methods are well known for practical use in many crops such as potato microtubers, strawberries, sweet potatoes, carnations, chrysanthemums, lilies, orchids. The heat treatment method is a method of heat-treating a virus-affected strain to make it virus-free, but it seems that there are many unclear points about the mechanism of action. Treatment methods include hot water treatment and dry heat treatment. The former treatment is usually performed at 40 to 50 ° C. for 10 to 30 minutes, and the latter treatment is usually performed at 35 to 40 ° C. for 1 to 4 weeks. Virus-free is often carried out in combination with shoot apex culture, and it is well known that it is carried out on citrus fruits, apples, grapes and the like. The dry heat disinfection method is used for virus-free seed infectious virus, which has a virus in the embryo of cucumber seeds such as cucumber green spot mosaic virus. In this case, the treatment is performed at 70 ° C. for 2 days. If virus-free by these technologies is incomplete, it will develop later. In addition, virus-free strains have not acquired resistance and may be re-infected during cultivation. After all, it is a certain fact that virus testing at the time of virus-free strain production and regular seedling renewal at the time of cultivation are important.